Blake Alphanso L, Bennett Nadia R, McKenzie Joette A, Tulloch-Reid Marshall K, Govia Ishtar, McFarlane Shelly R, Walters Renee, Francis Damian K, Wilks Rainford J, Williams David R, Younger-Coleman Novie O, Ferguson Trevor S
Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
School of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Nassau, The Bahamas.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024 Jul 30;4(7):e0003466. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003466. eCollection 2024.
Recent studies have suggested that high levels of social support can encourage better health behaviours and result in improved cardiovascular health. In this study we evaluated the association between social support and ideal cardiovascular health among urban Jamaicans. We conducted a cross-sectional study among urban residents in Jamaica's south-east health region. Socio-demographic data and information on cigarette smoking, physical activity, dietary practices, blood pressure, body size, cholesterol, and glucose, were collected by trained personnel. The outcome variable, ideal cardiovascular health, was defined as having optimal levels of ≥5 of these characteristics (ICH-5) according to the American Heart Association definitions. Social support exposure variables included number of friends (network size), number of friends willing to provide loans (instrumental support) and number of friends providing advice (informational support). Principal component analysis was used to create a social support score using these three variables. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between ICH-5 and social support score. Analyses included 841 participants (279 males, 562 females) with mean age of 47.6 ± 18.42 years. ICH-5 prevalence was 26.6% (95%CI 22.3, 31.0) with no significant sex difference (male 27.5%, female 25.7%). In sex-specific, multivariable logistic regression models, social support score, was inversely associated with ICH-5 among males (OR 0.67 [95%CI 0.51, 0.89], p = 0.006) but directly associated among females (OR 1.26 [95%CI 1.04, 1.53], p = 0.020) after adjusting for age and community SES. Living in poorer communities was also significantly associated with higher odds of ICH-5 among males, while living communities with high property value was associated with higher odds of ICH among females. In this study, higher level of social support was associated with better cardiovascular health among women, but poorer cardiovascular health among men in urban Jamaica. Further research should explore these associations and identify appropriate interventions to promote cardiovascular health.
近期研究表明，高水平的社会支持能够鼓励人们养成更健康的行为习惯，并改善心血管健康状况。在本研究中，我们评估了牙买加城市居民的社会支持与理想心血管健康之间的关联。我们在牙买加东南部健康地区的城市居民中开展了一项横断面研究。由经过培训的人员收集社会人口统计学数据以及关于吸烟、身体活动、饮食习惯、血压、体型、胆固醇和血糖的信息。根据美国心脏协会的定义，将理想心血管健康这一结果变量定义为具备这些特征中≥5项的最佳水平（ICH - 5）。社会支持暴露变量包括朋友数量（社交网络规模）、愿意提供贷款的朋友数量（工具性支持）以及提供建议的朋友数量（信息性支持）。使用主成分分析方法，利用这三个变量创建了一个社会支持得分。采用调查加权逻辑回归模型来评估ICH - 5与社会支持得分之间的关联。分析纳入了841名参与者（279名男性，562名女性），平均年龄为47.6±18.42岁。ICH - 5的患病率为26.6%（95%置信区间22.3，31.0），无显著性别差异（男性27.5%，女性25.7%）。在按性别分层的多变量逻辑回归模型中，在调整年龄和社区社会经济地位后，社会支持得分在男性中与ICH - 5呈负相关（比值比0.67 [95%置信区间0.51，0.89]，p = 0.006），而在女性中呈正相关（比值比1.26 [95%置信区间1.04，1.53]，p = 0.020）。生活在较贫困社区的男性患ICH - 5的几率也显著更高，而生活在房产价值高的社区的女性患ICH的几率更高。在本研究中，牙买加城市地区较高水平的社会支持与女性更好的心血管健康相关，但与男性较差的心血管健康相关。进一步的研究应探索这些关联，并确定促进心血管健康的适当干预措施。
