Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2024 Jul 30;19(7):e0308152. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308152. eCollection 2024.
Risk perception plays important role in motivating preventive health behaviours. The objective of this systematic review was to explore the level of diabetes risk perception among individuals with and without apparent risk for diabetes, and to consider the effect of environmental factors on the level of diabetes risk perception.
This systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The literature search was carried out through PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Original articles written in English and published between 2013 and 2023 were considered. Study quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Narrative synthesis was undertaken due to methodological heterogeneity in the included studies.
A total of 13 cross-sectional studies, two randomized controlled trials, two cohort studies, two mixed methods studies and one quasi-experiment with a control group were included. An overall low level of diabetes risk perception was reported particularly in those without apparent risk for diabetes. The 20 included studies reported widely varied measures for calculating diabetes risk perception. The influence of environmental factors on the risk perception of diabetes was highlighted.
The use of study-specific and non-validated measures in the included studies weakens the authors' ability to compare across studies. The role of language and publication bias within this systematic review should be acknowledged as we included only English-language studies published in peer-reviewed journals. Another limitation is the exclusion of dimensions of risk perception such as optimistic bias as search terms.
The overall low risk perception of diabetes calls for urgent need of public health interventions to increase the risk perception of diabetes. In the future, researchers should ensure the validity and reliability of the measures being used. The influence of environmental factors on the diabetes risk perception indicates that diabetes preventive interventions targeting environmental factors may be effective in increasing the risk perception of diabetes.
风险认知在激励预防保健行为方面发挥着重要作用。本系统评价的目的是探讨有和无明显糖尿病风险的个体的糖尿病风险认知水平，并考虑环境因素对糖尿病风险认知水平的影响。
本系统评价按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目进行报告。通过 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus 进行文献检索。考虑了 2013 年至 2023 年期间以英文发表的原始文章。使用混合方法评估工具评估研究质量。由于纳入研究的方法学存在异质性，因此进行了叙述性综合。
共纳入 13 项横断面研究、2 项随机对照试验、2 项队列研究、2 项混合方法研究和 1 项具有对照组的准实验研究。总体而言，报告的糖尿病风险认知水平较低，特别是在无明显糖尿病风险的人群中。20 项纳入研究报告了广泛不同的计算糖尿病风险认知的措施。强调了环境因素对糖尿病风险认知的影响。
纳入研究中使用特定于研究的和未经验证的措施削弱了作者在研究间进行比较的能力。在本系统评价中，应承认语言和发表偏倚的作用，因为我们只包括了发表在同行评议期刊上的英文研究。另一个限制是排除了风险认知的维度，如乐观偏差，作为搜索词。
糖尿病风险认知总体较低，迫切需要开展公共卫生干预措施，以提高糖尿病风险认知。未来，研究人员应确保所使用措施的有效性和可靠性。环境因素对糖尿病风险认知的影响表明，针对环境因素的糖尿病预防干预措施可能有效提高糖尿病风险认知。
