Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Oct 25;140:112776. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112776. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Thrombosis is a common clinical feature associated with morbidity and mortality in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. Cytokine storm in COVID-19 increases patients' systemic inflammation, which can cause multiple health consequences. In this work, we aimed to indicate the effect of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination on the modulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, and other systemic inflammatory biomarkers that associates with COVID-19 severity in patients who suffers from thrombosis consequences. For this purpose, ninety people were collected from Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital and divided into three groups each of which contained 30 people, 15 of them were venous thromboembolism (VTE) positive and the other were VTE negative. The three groups were non-vaccinated COVID-19, vaccinated COVID-19, and control. The levels of MCP-3 and TNF-α were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 patients regardless of their thrombosis condition, while MMP-1 level was non-significantly (p > 0.05) higher in vaccinated patients compared to control. MCP-3 and TNF-α were correlated positively with D-dimer (r = 0.544 and r = 0.513, respectively) in non-vaccinated patients, while MMP-1 and TNF-α were correlated positively with D-dimer (r = 0.624 and r = 0.575, respectively) in vaccinated patients. The odds ratio of MCP-3 (2.252), MMP-1 (1.062), and TNF-α (1.360) were reduced in vaccinated patients (2.093, 1.022, and 1.301 for MCP-3, MMP-1, and TNF-α respectively). Thus, MCP-3 plays a vital role in COVID-19 pathophysiology, and vaccination can reduce the risk of developing VTE in COVID-19 patients, and improve the inflammatory condition of patients.
血栓形成是与 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者发病率和死亡率相关的常见临床特征。COVID-19 中的细胞因子风暴会增加患者的全身炎症，从而导致多种健康后果。在这项工作中，我们旨在表明辉瑞-生物技术疫苗接种对单核细胞趋化蛋白-3（MCP-3）、基质金属蛋白酶 1（MMP-1）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平以及与 COVID-19 严重程度相关的其他全身炎症生物标志物的调节作用，这些生物标志物与患有血栓形成后果的患者有关。为此，从 Ibn Al-Nafees 医院收集了 90 人，并将其分为三组，每组 30 人，其中 15 人为静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）阳性，另 15 人为 VTE 阴性。三组分别为未接种 COVID-19 组、接种 COVID-19 组和对照组。无论血栓形成情况如何，接种和未接种 COVID-19 的患者的 MCP-3 和 TNF-α 水平均显著（p<0.05）升高，而接种组的 MMP-1 水平与对照组相比非显著（p>0.05）升高。MCP-3 和 TNF-α与未接种患者的 D-二聚体呈正相关（r=0.544 和 r=0.513），而 MMP-1 和 TNF-α与接种患者的 D-二聚体呈正相关（r=0.624 和 r=0.575）。接种患者的 MCP-3（2.252）、MMP-1（1.062）和 TNF-α（1.360）的优势比降低（MCP-3、MMP-1 和 TNF-α 的比值分别为 2.093、1.022 和 1.301）。因此，MCP-3 在 COVID-19 发病机制中起重要作用，疫苗接种可以降低 COVID-19 患者发生 VTE 的风险，并改善患者的炎症状况。
