Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Egypt.
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen.
Tissue Cell. 2024 Oct;90:102498. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102498. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common disease seriously detrimental to human health. AS is a chronic progressive disease related to inflammatory reactions. The present study aimed to characterize and evaluate the effects of adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in a rat model. The present study comprises thirty-six rats and they were divided into three groups: the control group, the high-fat diet (HFD) group; which received a high-fat diet, and the high-fat diet + stem cells (HFD+SC) group; which was fed with a high-fat diet along with the administration of intravenous ADSCs. Food was given to the animals for 20 weeks to establish dyslipidemia models. After 20 weeks, animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation; blood was collected to measure total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL); aortae were collected to detect morphologic changes. Rats of the HFD group showed a significant increase in body weight (B.Wt), altered lipid profile increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). However, in HFD+SC there was a significant decrease in body weight gain and an improvement in lipid profile. Histopathological and ultrastructural variations observed in the aorta of the HFD group when treated with ADSCs showed preserved normal histological architecture and reduced atherosclerosis compared with the HFD group. This was evidenced by laboratory, histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric studies. Thus, ADSCs reduced TC, TG, and LDL, reduced the expression of iNOS, and increased the expression of eNOS. The high-fat diet was likely to cause damage to the wall of blood vessels. Systemically transplanted ADSCs could home to the aorta, and further protect the aorta from HFD-induced damage.
动脉粥样硬化（AS）是一种严重危害人类健康的常见疾病。AS 是一种与炎症反应有关的慢性进行性疾病。本研究旨在描述和评估脂肪组织干细胞（ADSCs）在高脂饮食诱导的大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型中的作用。本研究共纳入 36 只大鼠，分为三组：对照组、高脂饮食（HFD）组，给予高脂饮食；高脂饮食+干细胞（HFD+SC）组，给予高脂饮食并静脉注射 ADSCs。给予动物高脂饮食 20 周建立血脂异常模型。20 周后，通过颈椎脱位处死动物；采集血液测量总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）；采集主动脉检测形态变化。HFD 组大鼠体重（B.Wt）显著增加，血脂谱改变，诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达增加，内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）表达减少。然而，在 HFD+SC 组，体重增加明显减少，血脂谱得到改善。用 ADSCs 处理的 HFD 组主动脉的组织病理学和超微结构变化显示，与 HFD 组相比，正常组织学结构得到保存，动脉粥样硬化程度降低。这一点通过实验室、组织学、免疫组织化学和形态计量学研究得到了证实。因此，ADSCs 降低了 TC、TG 和 LDL，降低了 iNOS 的表达，增加了 eNOS 的表达。高脂肪饮食可能导致血管壁损伤。系统移植的 ADSCs 可以归巢到主动脉，并进一步保护主动脉免受 HFD 诱导的损伤。
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