Allemand Mathias, Olaru Gabriel, Hill Patrick L
University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2025 Jan;38(1):58-72. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2024.2383220. Epub 2024 Jul 30.
Research has shown that perceptions of future time as limited are associated with more depressive symptoms. However, there is limited research on which dimensions of future time perspective (FTP: opportunity, extension, constraint) are associated with depression, anxiety, and stress, and whether these findings vary across age.
Data came from a cross-sectional study in a nonclinical U.S. sample ( = 793, 48.0% male; 48.7% female; age: = 50 years, range: 19-85 years), and local structural equation modeling was used to examine the moderating role of age as a continuous variable rather than artificial age groups.
For all dimensions of FTP, the perception of the future as limited was moderately to strongly associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress levels. More importantly, the association between the perceived constraint dimension and depression, anxiety, and stress was twice as large at younger ages than at older ages.
These findings indicate that perceived constraint is primarily a strong risk factor for or indicator of negative wellbeing in young adulthood, whereas perceived limited opportunity and extension are potential risk factors or indicators across the entire adulthood.
研究表明，将未来时间视为有限的认知与更多的抑郁症状相关。然而，关于未来时间观（FTP：机会、延展、限制）的哪些维度与抑郁、焦虑和压力相关，以及这些发现是否因年龄而异的研究有限。
数据来自一项针对美国非临床样本的横断面研究（n = 793，男性占48.0%；女性占48.7%；年龄：= 50岁，范围：19 - 85岁），并使用局部结构方程模型来检验年龄作为连续变量而非人为划分的年龄组的调节作用。
对于FTP的所有维度，将未来视为有限的认知与更高的抑郁、焦虑和压力水平呈中度至高度相关。更重要的是，在较年轻的年龄段，感知到的限制维度与抑郁、焦虑和压力之间的关联是较年长年龄段的两倍。
这些发现表明，感知到的限制主要是年轻成年期负面幸福感的一个强风险因素或指标，而感知到的机会有限和延展是整个成年期的潜在风险因素或指标。
