Zhao Dan, Hu Meigeng, Liu Shaolin
Isakson Center for Neurological Disease Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, United States.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2024 Jul 16;18:1426094. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1426094. eCollection 2024.
The mammalian olfactory bulb (OB), an essential part of the olfactory system, plays a critical role in odor detection and neural processing. Historically, research has predominantly focused on the neuronal components of the OB, often overlooking the vital contributions of glial cells. Recent advancements, however, underscore the significant roles that glial cells play within this intricate neural structure. This review discus the diverse functions and dynamics of glial cells in the mammalian OB, mainly focused on astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, olfactory ensheathing cells, and radial glia cells. Each type of glial contributes uniquely to the OB's functionality, influencing everything from synaptic modulation and neuronal survival to immune defense and axonal guidance. The review features their roles in maintaining neural health, their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, and their potential in therapeutic applications for neuroregeneration. By providing a comprehensive overview of glial cell types, their mechanisms, and interactions within the OB, this article aims to enhance our understanding of the olfactory system's complexity and the pivotal roles glial cells play in both health and disease.
哺乳动物的嗅球（OB）是嗅觉系统的重要组成部分，在气味检测和神经处理中起着关键作用。从历史上看，研究主要集中在嗅球的神经元成分上，常常忽视了神经胶质细胞的重要贡献。然而，最近的进展强调了神经胶质细胞在这个复杂的神经结构中所起的重要作用。这篇综述讨论了哺乳动物嗅球中神经胶质细胞的多种功能和动态，主要聚焦于星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、嗅鞘细胞和放射状胶质细胞。每种类型的神经胶质细胞都对嗅球的功能有独特的贡献，影响从突触调节、神经元存活到免疫防御和轴突导向等各个方面。该综述介绍了它们在维持神经健康中的作用、在神经退行性疾病中的参与情况以及在神经再生治疗应用中的潜力。通过全面概述嗅球内神经胶质细胞的类型、机制和相互作用，本文旨在增进我们对嗅觉系统复杂性以及神经胶质细胞在健康和疾病中所起关键作用的理解。
