Psychology Department, The City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Psychology Department, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
J Atten Disord. 2024 Oct;28(12):1499-1519. doi: 10.1177/10870547241264113. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
Rates of ADHD are lowest among Asian American children (1-6.1%) compared to all other major ethnic and racial groups in the US, but there is limited literature on reasons for the disparity in estimated prevalence rates.
We conducted a narrative review to integrate the literature on ADHD in children in Asian countries with that on ADHD among Asian American youth to highlight potential explanations for disparities in ADHD diagnosis and treatment among Asian American children relative to other racial and ethnic groups.
Factors possibly contributing to the low estimated prevalence rates of ADHD among Asian American children include: a higher proportion of Inattentive ADHD presentation among Chinese, Malaysian, and Indian children; racial bias and the influence of the Model Minority Myth; cultural differences in classroom identification; mental health stigma in Asian American communities; parent perception of ADHD as misbehavior rather than a neurodevelopmental disorder; and parent support for children's academic activities that may mask impairment.
We offer recommendations to inform individual and community-level psychoeducation, and new directions for research to address this health disparity.
与美国其他主要种族和族裔群体相比，美籍亚裔儿童（1-6.1%）的 ADHD 发病率最低，但关于发病率估计差异的原因的文献有限。
我们进行了叙述性综述，将亚洲国家儿童的 ADHD 文献与美籍亚裔青少年的 ADHD 文献相结合，以突出在 ADHD 诊断和治疗方面，美籍亚裔儿童与其他种族和族裔群体存在差异的潜在解释。
可能导致美籍亚裔儿童 ADHD 发病率估计较低的因素包括：中国、马来西亚和印度儿童中注意力不集中型 ADHD 的比例较高；种族偏见和模范少数族裔神话的影响；课堂识别方面的文化差异；亚裔美国人社区中的心理健康污名；父母将 ADHD 视为行为问题而非神经发育障碍；以及父母对孩子学业活动的支持，这可能掩盖了障碍。
我们提出了建议，以告知个人和社区层面的心理教育，并为解决这一健康差异提供新的研究方向。
