Spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem supply service intensity in China: Patterns, drivers, and implications for sustainable development.

With the steady development of global economy and the rapid increase of population, it is of great significance to quantify the supply capacity of ecosystem services and reveal its driving factors for sustainable development. We quantify the ecosystem supply service intensity (ESSI) using multiple sources of natural and cultural data from 2000 to 2020. We then jointly analyze this data with the information entropy of the land to obtain the temporal and spatial evolution law of ESSI under multiple scales in China. At the same time, according to the spatial distribution of ESSI in China, the concept of China's ecosystem supply service intensity development equilibrium line (ESSIL) is innovatively put forward. The results show that the spatial distribution pattern of China's ESSI is symmetrical with the ESSIL which is nearly orthogonal to Hu Huanyong line. Because of the different regional development policies, different regions with different economic levels have different driving effects on land change. Furthermore, due to the country's large size, the primary ESSI drivers vary greatly throughout its various regions. The assessment of the ESSI changes in China from multi-scale, combined with the effects of land cover change, climate and human activities, and put forward a new pattern distribution mode of ESSI in China, which provides a new perspective for formulating ecologically sustainable development strategies in large-scale areas.