Varela R, deCastro M, Costoya X, Dias J M, Gómez-Gesteira M
EphysLab - Environmental Physics Laboratory, CIM-UVIGO, Universidade de Vigo, Edificio Campus da Auga, 32004 Ourense, Spain; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
EphysLab - Environmental Physics Laboratory, CIM-UVIGO, Universidade de Vigo, Edificio Campus da Auga, 32004 Ourense, Spain; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 1;949:175043. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175043. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
The heightened occurrence of marine heatwaves (MHWs) attributed to climate change has garnered significant attention, primarily due to its profound impacts on marine ecosystems. Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems, recognized as high-productivity oceanic areas, have emerged as crucial thermal refuges mitigating the effects of global warming, thereby safeguarding marine fauna and flora. Acknowledging the synergies between MHWs and upwelling becomes pivotal in this context. The main objective of this study is to assess the unprecedented extreme SSTs observed in the North Atlantic Ocean throughout 2023 which represent a departure from the norms observed in the past 40 years of satellite data, resulting in quasi-permanent MHW conditions. Additionally, the investigation aims to delineate the influence of upwelling on the disparities between oceanic and coastal SST throughout the Canary Upwelling System. For this purpose, SST and wind data from OISST ¼ and ERA5 databases, respectively, have been used to calculate SST extremes and differences between coast and ocean as well as Upwelling Index (UI) values from 1982 to 2023. Despite the overall increase in oceanic and nearshore SST during 2023, substantial differences between coastal and oceanic temperatures were noted compared to the 1982-2023 period average. Moreover, distinct upwelling regimes along the Canary Upwelling System exhibited discernible variations in the impact of upwelling on coastal SST. Nonetheless, the influence of upwelling mitigated warming nearshore more effectively than offshore, underscoring its capacity to modulate climate change impacts, even under the extreme SST conditions arising from the unprecedented 2023.
归因于气候变化的海洋热浪（MHW）发生频率增加，已引起广泛关注，主要是因为其对海洋生态系统产生了深远影响。东部边界上升流系统被认为是高生产力的海洋区域，已成为缓解全球变暖影响的关键热避难所，从而保护了海洋动植物。在这种情况下，认识到海洋热浪和上升流之间的协同作用至关重要。本研究的主要目的是评估2023年整个北大西洋观测到的前所未有的极端海表温度（SST），这与过去40年卫星数据观测到的常态不同，导致了准永久性的海洋热浪状况。此外，该调查旨在描绘上升流对整个加那利上升流系统中海洋和沿海海表温度差异的影响。为此，分别使用了来自OISST ¼和ERA5数据库的海表温度和风数据，来计算1982年至2023年期间的海表温度极值、海岸与海洋之间的差异以及上升流指数（UI）值。尽管2023年海洋和近岸海表温度总体上升，但与1982 - 2023年期间的平均水平相比，沿海和海洋温度之间仍存在显著差异。此外，加那利上升流系统沿线不同的上升流状态在上升流对沿海海表温度的影响方面表现出明显差异。尽管如此，上升流对近岸变暖的缓解作用比对近海更有效，这突出了其在调节气候变化影响方面的能力，即使在2023年前所未有的极端海表温度条件下也是如此。
