Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Nat Med. 2024 Aug;30(8):2133-2147. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03165-6. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
'Westernization', which incorporates industrial, cultural and dietary trends, has paralleled the rise of noncommunicable diseases across the globe. Today, the Western-style diet emerges as a key stimulus for gut microbial vulnerability, chronic inflammation and chronic diseases, affecting mainly the cardiovascular system, systemic metabolism and the gut. Here we review the diet of modern times and evaluate the threat it poses for human health by summarizing recent epidemiological, translational and clinical studies. We discuss the links between diet and disease in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, gut and liver diseases and solid malignancies. We collectively interpret the evidence and its limitations and discuss future challenges and strategies to overcome these. We argue that healthcare professionals and societies must react today to the detrimental effects of the Western diet to bring about sustainable change and improved outcomes in the future.
“西化”包含了工业、文化和饮食趋势，与全球范围内非传染性疾病的兴起并行不悖。如今，西式饮食成为肠道微生物易感性、慢性炎症和慢性疾病的一个关键刺激因素，主要影响心血管系统、全身代谢和肠道。在这里，我们回顾了现代饮食，并通过总结最近的流行病学、转化和临床研究，评估了它对人类健康的威胁。我们讨论了肥胖和 2 型糖尿病、心血管疾病、肠道和肝脏疾病以及实体恶性肿瘤等疾病背景下饮食与疾病之间的联系。我们综合解释了证据及其局限性，并讨论了未来应对这些挑战的策略。我们认为，医疗保健专业人员和社会必须对西式饮食的有害影响做出反应，以便在未来带来可持续的改变和更好的结果。
