Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Hum Cell. 2024 Sep;37(5):1355-1377. doi: 10.1007/s13577-024-01112-8. Epub 2024 Jul 31.
Glioblastoma multiforme is a very aggressive type of cancer with high mortality and poor prognosis worldwide. Advanced treatment options with an understanding of the molecules and signalling mechanisms involved in this type of cancer have the potential to increase targeted therapy and decrease off-target effects, resistance, and recurrence. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents a complex tumour microenvironment with numerous cellular components and an extracellular matrix comprising multiple components. A deeper understanding of these components and corresponding signalling pathways can increase the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of GBM. The discovery of specific molecular changes and biomarkers has led to the investigation of tailored treatments for individual patients. Combination therapies targeting multiple pathways or utilizing different modalities are emerging as a promising strategy albeit with challenges in drug delivery to the brain. The review presents a comprehensive update of the various immunomodulatory signalling networks in GBM and highlights the corresponding therapeutic approaches by targeting them.
多形性胶质母细胞瘤是一种非常侵袭性的癌症，全球死亡率和预后均较差。通过了解此类癌症中涉及的分子和信号机制，采用先进的治疗方法，有可能增加靶向治疗并减少脱靶效应、耐药性和复发。多形性胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM) 呈现出复杂的肿瘤微环境，其中包含众多细胞成分和细胞外基质，其组成成分多种多样。更深入地了解这些成分及其相应的信号通路，可以提高免疫检查点抑制剂治疗 GBM 的成功率。特定分子变化和生物标志物的发现，促使人们针对个体患者进行了针对性治疗的探索。针对多个通路的联合治疗或利用不同方式的联合治疗，作为一种很有前途的策略正在出现，但在向大脑输送药物方面仍存在挑战。本综述全面介绍了 GBM 中的各种免疫调节信号网络，并强调了通过靶向这些信号网络的相应治疗方法。
