奶农、对“同一健康”理念及抗菌药物耐药性的参与和理解——来自新西兰奥特亚罗瓦北岛下部的一项试点调查
Dairy farmer, engagement and understanding of One Health and antimicrobial resistance - a pilot survey from the lower north island of Aotearoa New Zealand.
作者信息
Arden Kurt, Rosanowski Sarah M, Laven Richard A, Mueller Kristina R
机构信息
Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Ln, Brookmans Park, Hatfield, UK.
Data Science, Digital Agriculture, Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Limited, Manawatu-Wanganui, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
出版信息
One Health Outlook. 2024 Aug 1;6(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s42522-024-00107-7.
BACKGROUND
Reducing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) requires a multidisciplinary One Health approach, which necessitates buy-in from all stakeholders. In Aotearoa New Zealand, where the dairy industry is one of the largest users of antimicrobials, there are ongoing efforts to optimise antimicrobial usage (AMU) to minimise the development of AMR. These include regulations around the veterinary authorisation of the use of antibiotics by farmers without the need for a specific prescription ("the RVM process") and programmes such as the New Zealand Veterinary Association's antibiotic 'Traffic Light System'. The goal of this pilot survey was to develop and trial a questionnaire to determine how much Aotearoa dairy farmers understand about One Health, AMR, the RVM process and how their actions regarding AMU affect the wider environment.
METHODS
A 55-question semi-structured questionnaire was piloted on 15 dairy farms in the Lower North Island of Aotearoa New Zealand via an in-person semi-structured interview between September and November 2021.
RESULTS
None of the interviewed farmers could define the term One Health. However, the majority found the RVM process to be of use on their farm, although admitted they generally felt frustration regarding AMR, seeing it as a blockage to productivity, and lacked awareness regarding how their actions were related to its development. Of the farmers interviewed over half had not heard of the traffic light system, and of those who had, one admitted they refused to adhere to it.
CONCLUSIONS
This survey's novel findings have highlighted that there are notable gaps within dairy farmer understanding of AMU, AMR and One Health as well as highlighting that veterinarians could do more to keep their clients informed of their important role within One Health. There is still a lot more work to do with regards to vets, farmers and industry representatives working together to embrace One Health. Simple solutions would be to encourage farmers returning unused drugs to their veterinarians for correct disposal and to actively engage farmers further regarding AMU and AMR, so that these end-product users do not feel disconnected from the process.
背景
降低抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）需要采取多学科的“同一健康”方法，这需要所有利益相关者的支持。在新西兰（毛利语称奥特亚罗瓦），乳制品行业是抗菌药物的最大使用行业之一，目前正在努力优化抗菌药物使用（AMU），以尽量减少抗菌药物耐药性的产生。这些措施包括围绕农民无需特定处方即可使用抗生素的兽医授权的相关规定（“农村兽医授权程序”），以及新西兰兽医协会的抗生素“交通信号灯系统”等项目。本次试点调查的目的是开发并试用一份问卷，以确定新西兰乳制品农民对“同一健康”、抗菌药物耐药性、农村兽医授权程序的了解程度，以及他们在抗菌药物使用方面的行为如何影响更广泛的环境。
方法
2021年9月至11月期间，通过面对面的半结构化访谈，在新西兰北岛下部的15个奶牛场对一份包含55个问题的半结构化问卷进行了试点调查。
结果
受访农民中没有人能定义“同一健康”这个术语。然而，大多数人发现农村兽医授权程序对他们的农场有用，尽管他们承认自己通常对抗菌药物耐药性感到沮丧，将其视为生产力的障碍，并且对自己的行为与抗菌药物耐药性发展之间的关系缺乏认识。在接受采访的农民中，超过一半的人没有听说过交通信号灯系统，而在听说过的人中，有一人承认他们拒绝遵守该系统。
结论
本次调查的新发现凸显出，奶农在抗菌药物使用、抗菌药物耐药性和“同一健康”方面的理解存在显著差距，同时也凸显出兽医在让客户了解他们在“同一健康”中的重要作用方面可以做得更多。兽医、农民和行业代表共同接受“同一健康”理念还有很多工作要做。简单的解决办法是鼓励农民将未使用的药物返还给兽医以便正确处理，并进一步积极让农民参与到抗菌药物使用和抗菌药物耐药性的讨论中来，这样这些终端产品使用者就不会觉得自己与这个过程脱节。
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