Hu Aoran, Zhao Weishu, Wang Jing, Qi Qi, Xiao Xiang, Jing Hongmei
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
International Center for Deep Life Investigation (IC-DLI), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2024 Aug;16(4):e13314. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.13314.
Widespread marine microbiomes exhibit compositional and functional differentiation as a result of adaptation driven by environmental characteristics. We investigated the microbial communities in both seawater and sediments on the slope (7-9 km) and the bottom (9-11 km) of the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench to explore community differentiation. Both metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and 16S rRNA amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) showed that the microbial composition in the seawater was similar to that of sediment on the slope, while distinct from that of sediment in the bottom. This scenario suggested a potentially stronger community interaction between seawater and sediment on the slope, which was further confirmed by community assembly and population movement analyses. The metagenomic analysis also indicates a specific stronger potential of nitrate reduction and sulphate assimilation in the bottom seawater, while more versatile nitrogen and sulphur cycling pathways occur on the slope, reflecting functional differentiations among communities in conjunction with environmental features. This work implies that microbial community differentiation occurred in the different hadal niches, and was likely an outcome of microbial adaptation to the extreme hadal trench environment, especially the associated hydrological and geological conditions, which should be considered and measured in situ in future studies.
由于环境特征驱动的适应性，广泛分布的海洋微生物群落呈现出组成和功能上的分化。我们研究了马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊斜坡（7 - 9千米）和底部（9 - 11千米）海水和沉积物中的微生物群落，以探索群落分化情况。宏基因组组装基因组（MAGs）和16S rRNA扩增子序列变体（ASVs）均表明，海水中的微生物组成与斜坡上的沉积物相似，而与底部沉积物不同。这种情况表明斜坡上的海水和沉积物之间可能存在更强的群落相互作用，群落组装和种群迁移分析进一步证实了这一点。宏基因组分析还表明，底部海水中硝酸盐还原和硫酸盐同化的潜力更强，而斜坡上则存在更多样化的氮和硫循环途径，这反映了群落功能与环境特征的差异。这项工作表明，微生物群落分化发生在不同的超深渊生态位中，可能是微生物适应极端超深渊海沟环境的结果，特别是相关的水文和地质条件，未来研究应在原位进行考虑和测量。
