Wu Xingjiang, Chen An, Yu Xude, Tian Zhicheng, Li Hao, Jiang Yanjun, Xu Jianhong
National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
ACS Nano. 2024 Aug 13;18(32):20957-20979. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07599. Epub 2024 Aug 1.
Multifunctional micro-/nanomaterials featuring functional superiority and high value-added physicochemical nature have received immense attention in electrochemical energy storage. Microfluidic synthesis has become an emergent technology for massively producing multifunctional micro-/nanomaterials with tunable microstructure and morphology due to its rapid mass/heat transfer and precise fluid controllability. In this review, the latest progresses and achievements in microfluidic-synthesized multifunctional micro-/nanomaterials are summarized reaction process intensification, multifunctional micro-/nanostructural engineering and electrochemical energy storage applications. The reaction process intensification mechanisms of various micro-/nanomaterials, including quantum dots (QDs), metal materials, conducting polymers, metallic oxides, polyanionic compounds, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and two-dimensional (2D) materials, are discussed. Especially, the multifunctional structural engineering principles of as-fabricated micro-/nanomaterials, such as vertically aligned structure, heterostructure, core-shell structure, and tunable microsphere, are introduced. Subsequently, the electrochemical energy storage application of as-prepared multifunctional micro-/nanomaterials is clarified in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, all-vanadium redox flow batteries, and dielectric capacitors. Finally, the current problems and future forecasts are illustrated.
具有功能优势和高附加值物理化学性质的多功能微/纳米材料在电化学储能领域受到了广泛关注。微流控合成由于其快速的质量/热传递和精确的流体可控性，已成为大规模生产具有可调微观结构和形态的多功能微/纳米材料的新兴技术。在这篇综述中，总结了微流控合成多功能微/纳米材料在反应过程强化、多功能微/纳米结构工程和电化学储能应用方面的最新进展和成果。讨论了包括量子点（QDs）、金属材料、导电聚合物、金属氧化物、聚阴离子化合物、金属有机框架（MOFs）和二维（2D）材料在内的各种微/纳米材料的反应过程强化机制。特别介绍了所制备的微/纳米材料的多功能结构工程原理，如垂直排列结构、异质结构、核壳结构和可调微球。随后，阐述了所制备的多功能微/纳米材料在超级电容器、锂离子电池、钠离子电池、全钒氧化还原液流电池和介电电容器中的电化学储能应用。最后，说明了当前存在的问题和未来的展望。
