Jiang Min, Zhang Hui, Yao Fangfang, Lu Qinhong, Sun Qian, Liu Zhen, Li Qingcao, Wu Guangliang
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated LiHuiLi Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ninghai County Chengguan Hospital, Ningbo, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Jul 17;15:1405710. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405710. eCollection 2024.
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, China has implemented a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), effectively containing the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as various respiratory pathogens. With the continuous relaxation of restrictions, China has entered a new phase of the post-pandemic era. However, the epidemiological differences of (MP) between the two phases in Ningbo and even in China remain unclear.
Data of children aged 0-14 years who visited the Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital due to acute respiratory tract infections from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected. PCR was used to detect 13 respiratory pathogens and the macrolide-resistance of .
Among 10,206 children, 2,360 were infected with MP (23.12%). Among the total, the MP positive rate during the NPI phase (6.35%) was significantly lower than that during the non-NPI phase (34.28%), while the macrolide resistance rate increased from 62.5% (NPI phase) to 81.1% (non-NPI phase). The rate of MP co-infection increased from 11.2% (NPI phase) to 30.3% (non-NPI phase). MP infection exhibited obvious seasonality, with the highest prevalence in autumn (30.0%) followed by summer (23.6%). There were differences in MP positivity rates among different age groups, with the highest among school-age children at 39.5%. During the NPI phase, all age groups were less susceptible to MP, while during the non-NPI phase, the susceptible age for MP was 4-12 years, with 8 years being the most susceptible. The susceptible age for MP co-infection was 0-6 years. MP exhibited antagonistic effects against numerous pathogens. Compared to MP single infection, the proportion of pneumonia was higher in MP co-infection cases.
The removal of NPIs significantly impacted the spread of MP, altering population characteristics including age, seasonality, macrolide resistance, and MP co-infection rates.
自新冠疫情爆发以来，中国实施了一系列非药物干预措施（NPIs），有效遏制了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）以及各种呼吸道病原体的传播。随着限制措施的不断放宽，中国已进入疫情后时代的新阶段。然而，宁波乃至中国两个阶段之间支原体（MP）的流行病学差异仍不清楚。
收集2020年1月至2023年12月因急性呼吸道感染到宁波大学附属李惠利医院就诊的0-14岁儿童的数据。采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测13种呼吸道病原体及MP的大环内酯耐药性。
10206名儿童中，2360名感染MP（23.12%）。总体而言，非药物干预阶段MP阳性率（6.35%）显著低于非非药物干预阶段（34.28%），而大环内酯耐药率从非药物干预阶段的62.5%升至非非药物干预阶段的81.1%。MP合并感染率从非药物干预阶段的11.2%升至非非药物干预阶段的30.3%。MP感染呈现明显季节性，秋季患病率最高（30.0%），其次为夏季（23.6%）。不同年龄组MP阳性率存在差异，学龄儿童最高，为39.5%。在非药物干预阶段，各年龄组对MP的易感性均较低，而在非非药物干预阶段，MP的易感年龄为4-12岁，8岁最为易感。MP合并感染的易感年龄为0-6岁。MP对多种病原体表现出拮抗作用。与MP单一感染相比，MP合并感染病例中肺炎的比例更高。
非药物干预措施的解除对MP的传播产生了显著影响，改变了包括年龄、季节性、大环内酯耐药性和MP合并感染率在内的人群特征。
