Bastiere Julie, Lussiana Thibault, Young Damien, Gindre Cyrille, Mourot Laurent
SYNERGIES, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
Plateforme Exercice Performance Santé Innovation, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Jul 17;6:1409257. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1409257. eCollection 2024.
Primitive reflexes (PR) induce involuntary automatic movements in response to specific stimuli. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of active PR in young high-level football players.
Sixty-nine national-level football players from a French academy were tested (17.0 ± 1.4 years; 69.6 ± 8.0 kg; 178.9 ± 6.9 cm) to evaluate the persistence of PR, following the methodology of the Institute for Neuro-Physiological Psychology (INPP) and the classification by a global score (GS). Based on the sum of seven tests, each was rated between 0 = null and 4 = max. The GS is classified into five categories from no activity to maximal (0-1 = no activity, 2-7 = low, 8-13 = medium, 14-21 = high, and 22-28 = maximal).
Around two-thirds (68.1%) of players presented active PR at different activity levels. Among them, a small proportion (7.2%) had medium GS, while 60.9% had a low GS. The GS was not dependent on field position or the age of the players (> 0.05). However, playing football in an age category higher than their own was associated with significantly more active primitive reflexes (PR) compared to being in their age category ( < 0.01). The results showed that 72.7% of "upgraded" football players had low GS and 18.2% had medium GS, compared to 55.3% and 2.1% in the non-upgraded group.
The findings of the current study demonstrate that PR could still be active in a healthy population of high-level football players. Practicing a single sport for years and upgrading players could create a negative environment that can ultimately lead to the activation of otherwise integrated PR.
原始反射（PR）会引发非自主的自动运动以应对特定刺激。本研究旨在确定年轻高水平足球运动员中活跃原始反射的患病率。
对来自法国一所足球学校的69名国家级足球运动员进行测试（年龄17.0±1.4岁；体重69.6±8.0千克；身高178.9±6.9厘米），按照神经生理心理学研究所（INPP）的方法并通过综合评分（GS）来评估原始反射的持续情况。基于七项测试的总和，每项测试的评分在0（无）至4（最高）之间。GS分为从无活动到最大活动的五个类别（0 - 1 = 无活动，2 - 7 = 低，8 - 13 = 中等，14 - 21 = 高，22 - 28 = 最大）。
约三分之二（68.1%）的运动员在不同活动水平下表现出活跃的原始反射。其中，一小部分（7.2%）的综合评分中等，而60.9%的综合评分较低。综合评分不依赖于场上位置或运动员年龄（>0.05）。然而，与参加同年龄组比赛相比，参加高于自己年龄组别的足球比赛与明显更多的活跃原始反射相关（<0.01）。结果显示，“升级”的足球运动员中有72.7%的综合评分较低，18.2%的综合评分中等，而非升级组的这一比例分别为55.3%和2.1%。
本研究结果表明，在健康的高水平足球运动员群体中，原始反射可能仍然活跃。多年从事单一运动以及运动员升级可能会营造一个负面环境，最终导致原本已整合的原始反射被激活。
