二十年间全国范围内的听力损失趋势

Nationwide Hearing Loss Trends Over Two Decades.

作者信息

Danis David O, Jain Rishubh, Homer Benjamin J, O'Brien Monica, Gall Emily K, Noonan Kathryn Y

机构信息

Dr. Elie E. Rebeiz Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

出版信息

Laryngoscope. 2025 Jan;135(1):277-285. doi: 10.1002/lary.31671. Epub 2024 Aug 1.

DOI:10.1002/lary.31671

PMID:39087526

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common chronic health conditions in the United States (US). This study aims to evaluate trends in HL prevalence among US adults over the past two decades.

METHODS

Audiometric data of adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 were analyzed in 2-year intervals to evaluate changes in HL (defined as pure tone average greater than 25 dB in at least one ear) over time in using odds ratios (ORs). Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for age and sex, and linear regression was used to evaluate trends in HL prevalence over time.

RESULTS

The study included 13,468 participants. In adult participants (20-69 years old), HL remained stable over time, with some fluctuations ranging from 14.8% to 16.8%. In elderly participants (70-years and older), HL remained stable over time, with some fluctuations ranging from 71.7% to 77.1%. Based on univariate and linear regression analysis, there were no differences in HL rates in the adult and elderly cohorts. Subjects 40-49 years old and adults with education level of less than high school had significant downward trends in HL prevalence over two decades (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029).

CONCLUSIONS

HL prevalence may be declining in the adult population when correcting for age and gender; however, there has not been a significant downward trend for the elderly population. HL may be decreasing over time among adults 40-49 years old and with shorter education backgrounds.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

4 Laryngoscope, 135:277-285, 2025.

摘要

目的

听力损失（HL）是美国最常见的慢性健康问题之一。本研究旨在评估过去二十年美国成年人HL患病率的趋势。

方法

对1999年至2018年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中成年人的听力数据进行每两年一次的分析，以使用优势比（OR）评估HL（定义为至少一只耳朵的纯音平均听阈大于25dB）随时间的变化。采用多变量逻辑回归控制年龄和性别，并使用线性回归评估HL患病率随时间的趋势。

结果

该研究纳入了13468名参与者。在成年参与者（20 - 69岁）中，HL随时间保持稳定，有一些波动，范围在14.8%至16.8%之间。在老年参与者（70岁及以上）中，HL随时间保持稳定，有一些波动，范围在71.7%至77.1%之间。基于单变量和线性回归分析，成年和老年队列的HL发生率没有差异。40 - 49岁的受试者和教育水平低于高中的成年人在二十年中HL患病率有显著下降趋势（p < 0.001和p = 0.029）。