Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2024 May 21;84(2):128-135. doi: 10.55782/ane-2024-2399.
The stability of human upright posture determines the range and dynamics of movements performed. Consequently, the repertoire and quality of the movements performed by a dancer are mainly determined by the efficiency of postural control. This is of particular importance in professional dance training that should focus on shaping optimal movement‑posture interaction. To get a deeper insight into this problem, the impact of the training on postural sway characteristics during quiet stance was analyzed in 16 female students in the seventh grade of a ballet school and compared with the size‑ and age‑matched group of secondary school students. Center of pressure trajectories were recorded for 25.6 s while standing quiet with eyes open (EO) and then with eyes closed (EC). The assessment of postural control was based on novel normalized sway parameters including sway vector (SV), sway anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directional indices (DIAP and DIML), and sway ratios (SRAP and SRML). The results document a significant contribution of vision to postural stability control in ballet students, which seems to compensate for training‑related changes in joint mobility and altered activity ranges of the legs' muscles. In the control group standing with EC, SV amplitude increased only by 18% whereas in the ballet students tested in the same conditions, the increase exceeded 72%. Under full control of standing posture (EO test), the training‑related increase of leg muscle forces allows dancers to maintain balance with lesser effort as documented here by 21% reduced SRAP. Additionally, the dancers while tested with their EC exhibited a 12% increase in the anteroposterior sway with a concomitant reduction of the mediolateral sway. The resulting changes in the postural control asymmetry were documented by both DIAP/DIML and SV azimuth. In conclusion, our novel analysis of postural sway seems a useful tool in monitoring the effects of training as well as the proper course of postural control development in children and adolescents.
人体直立姿势的稳定性决定了执行动作的范围和动力学。因此，舞者所执行的动作的 repertoire 和质量主要取决于姿势控制的效率。这在专业舞蹈训练中尤为重要，专业舞蹈训练应侧重于塑造最佳的运动-姿势相互作用。为了更深入地了解这个问题，分析了 16 名芭蕾舞学校七年级女学生在安静站立时的姿势摆动特征，将其与年龄和体型相匹配的中学生组进行了比较。在睁眼（EO）和闭眼（EC）的情况下，站立时记录 25.6 秒的中心压力轨迹。姿势控制的评估基于包括摆动矢量（SV）、摆动前后（AP）和侧向（ML）方向指数（DIAP 和 DIML）以及摆动比（SRAP 和 SRML）在内的新的归一化摆动参数。结果表明，视觉对芭蕾舞学生的姿势稳定性控制有重要贡献，这似乎弥补了与关节灵活性和腿部肌肉活动范围改变相关的训练变化。在对照组中，EC 站立时 SV 幅度仅增加了 18%，而在接受相同条件测试的芭蕾舞学生中，增加幅度超过了 72%。在站立姿势完全控制（EO 测试）下，腿部肌肉力量的训练相关性增加使舞者能够以较小的努力维持平衡，正如这里记录的 SRAP 降低 21% 所证明的那样。此外，当舞者在 EC 测试时，前后摆动增加了 12%，同时侧向摆动减少了 12%。姿势控制不对称性的变化通过 DIAP/DIML 和 SV 方位角来记录。总之，我们对姿势摆动的新分析似乎是一种有用的工具，可以监测训练效果以及儿童和青少年姿势控制发展的适当过程。
