Shitaneh Esubalew, Arega Habtie, Bezabeh Amssalu
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Pawe Agricultural Research Center, Pawe, Ethiopia.
Oromia Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Bee Research Center, Holeta, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Vet Med Sci. 2024 Sep;10(5):e1573. doi: 10.1002/vms3.1573.
The study was conducted in Pawe district from Benishangul-Gumuz and Jawi and Fagita Lekoma districts from the Amhara region to investigate major honeybee pests, predators and diseases.
Using a purposive sampling technique, 183 households were interviewed, and 240 samples were collected for laboratory analysis of bee disease; data were analysed using descriptive statistics.
The share of hive types owned by sampled respondents was 88.6%; overall, 1.1% and 10.3% were traditional, transitional and modern beehives, respectively. About 92% of the sample respondents acquired their base colonies by catching swarm bees on the apex of trees. The majority of beekeepers executed external inspections of their colony, whereas only 50% carried out internal inspections. Based on the responses of beekeepers, around 48.9%, 56.3% and 23.1% of colonies absconded every year from Pawe, Jawi and Fagita Lekoma districts, respectively. Ants, wax moths, bee lice, beetles, spiders, birds, monkeys and honey badgers were the major honeybee pests and predators discovered in study areas in decreasing order. Concerning the incidence of Varroa mites, Nosema apis and amoeba disease, 27.5%, 60% and 71.6% of samples showed positive results in study locations, respectively.
From this result, we observed that ants, wax moths, bee lice, beetles, spiders, birds, monkeys and honey badgers were the major honeybee pests and predators. The prevalence of amoeba disease was comparatively higher in highland areas and in the summer season. This finding suggests the need for the alertness of beekeepers in controlling bee disease and pests and strengthening bee colonies through seasonal colony management. There should be a strict quarantine, and check-up undertaken when a new colony is purchased from one region to another is essential.
该研究在本尚古勒-古穆兹州的帕韦区以及阿姆哈拉州的贾维区和法吉塔莱科马区开展，旨在调查主要的蜜蜂害虫、捕食者和疾病。
采用目的抽样技术，对183户家庭进行了访谈，并采集了240个样本用于蜜蜂疾病的实验室分析；数据采用描述性统计进行分析。
抽样受访者拥有的蜂箱类型占比为88.6%；总体而言，传统蜂箱、过渡型蜂箱和现代蜂箱分别占1.1%和10.3%。约92%的抽样受访者通过在树顶捕捉蜂群获得其基础蜂群。大多数养蜂人对其蜂群进行外部检查，而只有50%的人进行内部检查。根据养蜂人的回答，每年分别有大约48.9%、56.3%和23.1%的蜂群从帕韦区、贾维区和法吉塔莱科马区逃离。蚂蚁、蜡螟、蜂虱、甲虫、蜘蛛、鸟类、猴子和蜜獾是研究区域发现的主要蜜蜂害虫和捕食者，按降序排列。关于瓦螨、蜜蜂微孢子虫和阿米巴病的发病率，研究地点分别有27.5%、60%和71.6%的样本呈阳性结果。
从该结果中，我们观察到蚂蚁、蜡螟、蜂虱、甲虫、蜘蛛、鸟类、猴子和蜜獾是主要的蜜蜂害虫和捕食者。阿米巴病在高地地区和夏季的患病率相对较高。这一发现表明养蜂人需要提高警惕，控制蜜蜂疾病和害虫，并通过季节性蜂群管理加强蜂群。当从一个地区购买新蜂群到另一个地区时，必须进行严格的检疫和检查。
