Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, TU Wien (Vienna University of Technology), Vienna, Austria.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2024 Oct;158:106644. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106644. Epub 2024 Jul 10.
Ceramic lattices hold great potential for bone scaffolds to facilitate bone regeneration and integration of native tissue with medical implants. While there have been several studies on additive manufacturing of ceramics and their osseointegrative and osteoconductive properties, there is a lack of a comprehensive examination of their mechanical behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the mechanical properties of different additively manufactured ceramic lattice structures under different loading conditions and their overall ability to mimic bone tissue properties. Eleven different lattice structures were designed and manufactured with a porosity of 80% using two materials, hydroxyapatite (HAp) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO). Six cell-based lattices with cubic and hexagonal base, as well as five Voronoi-based lattices were considered in this study. The samples were manufactured using lithography-based ceramic additive manufacturing and post-processed thermally prior to mechanical testing. Cell-based lattices with cubic and hexagonal base, as well as Voronoi-based lattices were considered in this study. The lattices were tested under four loading conditions: compression, four-point bending, shear and tension. The manufacturing process of the different ceramics leads to different deviations of the lattice geometry, hence, the elastic properties of one structure cannot be directly inferred from one material to another. ZrO lattices prove to be stiffer than HAp lattices of the same designed structure. The Young's modulus for compression of ZrO lattices ranges from 2 to 30GPa depending on the used lattice design and for HAp 200MPa to 3.8GPa. The expected stability, the load where 63.2% of the samples are expected to be destroyed, of the lattices ranges from 81 to 553MPa and for HAp 6 to 42MPa. For the first time, a comprehensive overview of the mechanical properties of various additively manufactured ceramic lattice structures is provided. This is intended to serve as a reference for designers who would like to expand the design capabilities of ceramic implants that will lead to an advancement in their performance and ability to mimic human bone tissue.
陶瓷晶格在促进骨再生和使原生组织与医疗植入物整合方面具有很大的潜力。虽然已经有许多关于陶瓷的增材制造及其骨整合和骨传导特性的研究，但缺乏对其机械性能的全面研究。因此，本研究旨在评估不同增材制造陶瓷晶格结构在不同加载条件下的机械性能及其模拟骨组织性能的整体能力。设计并制造了 11 种具有 80%孔隙率的不同晶格结构，使用了两种材料，即羟基磷灰石（HAp）和二氧化锆（ZrO）。本研究考虑了六种基于细胞的晶格，具有立方和六方基底，以及五种 Voronoi 基晶格。使用基于光刻的陶瓷增材制造制造样品，并在机械测试前进行热后处理。本研究考虑了具有立方和六方基底的细胞基晶格以及基于 Voronoi 的晶格。晶格在四种加载条件下进行测试：压缩、四点弯曲、剪切和拉伸。不同陶瓷的制造工艺导致晶格几何形状的不同偏差，因此，一种结构的弹性性能不能直接从一种材料推断到另一种材料。ZrO 晶格比具有相同设计结构的 HAp 晶格更硬。ZrO 晶格压缩的杨氏模量范围为 2 到 30GPa，具体取决于所使用的晶格设计，而 HAp 的杨氏模量为 200MPa 到 3.8GPa。晶格的预期稳定性，即预计 63.2%的样品会被破坏的负载，范围为 81 到 553MPa，而 HAp 的为 6 到 42MPa。这是首次对各种增材制造陶瓷晶格结构的机械性能进行全面概述。这旨在为希望扩展陶瓷植入物设计能力的设计师提供参考，这将导致其性能和模拟人体骨组织能力的提高。
