Hu Jing, Zheng Ziliang, Yang Yongzhen, Chen Lin, Kang Weiwei
Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2024 Dec;13(30):e2401513. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202401513. Epub 2024 Aug 1.
Carbon dots (CDs) with good optical properties, biocompatibility, easy functionalization, and small size have attracted more and more attention and laid a good foundation for their applications in the biomedicine field. CDs emitted in near-infrared regions (NIR-CDs) can achieve high penetration depth imaging and produce high cytotoxic substance for disease treatment. Therefore, NIR-CDs are promising materials to realize high-quality imaging-guided diagnostic and therapeutic integration. This review first introduces the current mainstream synthesis methods of NIR-CDs by "top-down" and "bottom-up". Second, the luminescence modes of NIR-CDs are introduced, and the luminescence mechanisms based on carbon core state, surface state, molecular state, and crosslinking enhanced emission are summarized. Third, the applications and principles of NIR-CDs in imaging, drug delivery, and non-invasive therapeutics are introduced from a view of diagnosis and therapy. Finally, their prospects and challenges in biomedical and biotechnological applications are outlined.
碳点（CDs）具有良好的光学性质、生物相容性、易于功能化以及尺寸小等特点，已引起越来越多的关注，并为其在生物医学领域的应用奠定了良好基础。在近红外区域发射的碳点（NIR-CDs）能够实现高穿透深度成像，并产生用于疾病治疗的高细胞毒性物质。因此，NIR-CDs是实现高质量成像引导的诊断与治疗一体化的有前景的材料。本综述首先介绍了通过“自上而下”和“自下而上”的方法合成NIR-CDs的当前主流方法。其次，介绍了NIR-CDs的发光模式，并总结了基于碳核态、表面态、分子态和交联增强发射的发光机制。第三，从诊断和治疗的角度介绍了NIR-CDs在成像、药物递送和非侵入性治疗中的应用及原理。最后，概述了它们在生物医学和生物技术应用中的前景与挑战。
