NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Jul 18;15:1422674. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1422674. eCollection 2024.
This study aims to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the serum amino acid profiles of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its related complications.
Patients with T2D were enrolled in this study. Sixteen kinds of common amino acids in the fasting circulating were assessed through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Subsequently, correlation, regression analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted to assess the associations between amino acids and clinical indicators.
Thirteen different kinds of amino acids were identified in diabetic patients, as compared with normal controls. The Glutamine/Glutamate (Gln/Glu) ratio was negatively correlated with BMI, HbA1c, serum uric acid, and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, while it was positively correlated with HDL-C. Logistic regression analyses indicated that Gln/Glu was a consistent protective factor for both T2D (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.50-0.86) and obesity (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.96). The ROC curves demonstrated that Gln/Glu, proline, valine, and leucine provided effective predictions for diabetes risk, with Gln/Glu exhibiting the highest AUC [0.767 (0.678-0.856)]. In patients with T2D, Gln was the only amino acid that displayed a negative correlation with HbA1c ( = -0.228, = 0.017). Furthermore, HOMA-β exhibited a negative correlation with Glu ( = -0.301, = 0.003) but a positive correlation with Gln/Glu ( = 0.245, = 0.017). Notably, logistic regression analyses revealed an inverse correlation of Gln/Glu with the risk of diabetic kidney disease (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.98) and a positive association with the risk of diabetic retinopathy (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.08-2.15).
The Gln/Glu ratio exhibited a significant association with diabetes, common metabolic parameters, and diabetic complications. These findings shed light on the pivotal role of Gln metabolism in T2D and its associated complications.
本研究旨在全面研究 2 型糖尿病（T2D）及其相关并发症患者的血清氨基酸谱。
本研究纳入了 T2D 患者。通过液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）检测空腹循环中 16 种常见氨基酸。随后，进行相关性、回归分析和受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析，以评估氨基酸与临床指标之间的关系。
与正常对照组相比，糖尿病患者中鉴定出 13 种不同的氨基酸。谷氨酰胺/谷氨酸（Gln/Glu）比值与 BMI、HbA1c、血尿酸和甘油三酯-葡萄糖（TyG）指数呈负相关，与 HDL-C 呈正相关。Logistic 回归分析表明，Gln/Glu 是 T2D（OR=0.65，95%CI 0.50-0.86）和肥胖（OR=0.79，95%CI 0.66-0.96）的一致保护因素。ROC 曲线表明，Gln/Glu、脯氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸对糖尿病风险具有有效预测能力，其中 Gln/Glu 的 AUC 最高[0.767（0.678-0.856）]。在 T2D 患者中，只有谷氨酰胺与 HbA1c 呈负相关（r=-0.228，P=0.017）。此外，HOMA-β与谷氨酸呈负相关（r=-0.301，P=0.003），与 Gln/Glu 呈正相关（r=0.245，P=0.017）。值得注意的是，Logistic 回归分析显示，Gln/Glu 与糖尿病肾病的发病风险呈负相关（OR=0.74，95%CI 0.55-0.98），与糖尿病视网膜病变的发病风险呈正相关（OR=1.53，95%CI 1.08-2.15）。
Gln/Glu 比值与糖尿病、常见代谢参数和糖尿病并发症密切相关。这些发现揭示了 Gln 代谢在 T2D 及其相关并发症中的关键作用。
