Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan.
Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2024 Sep;24(9):850-858. doi: 10.1111/ggi.14936. Epub 2024 Aug 2.
Addressing sarcopenia and frailty in aging populations is crucial for enhancing quality of life and reducing healthcare dependence. While the importance of energy, protein, and amino acid supplementation is known, the role of minerals needs further exploration. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of these minerals in managing sarcopenia and frailty.
We analyzed data from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and Ichu-shi Web from January 2000 to March 2023. Studies were selected if they were interventional or observational, focused on individuals with frailty or sarcopenia who were aged 65 or older, and involved mineral supplementation. The risk of bias in these studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool.
Of the 615 studies identified, seven met the inclusion criteria. These studies mainly focused on the effects of combined nutrient supplements, with few focusing on individual minerals. The findings were mixed, demonstrating some improvements in muscle strength, activity of daily living, and cognitive functions. Notably, minerals appeared to offer benefits as part of multi-nutrient interventions, especially for cognitive and immune health, but had limited impact on muscle mass or strength when used alone. The limited number and variable outcomes of studies precluded a feasible meta-analysis.
The effect of mineral supplementation on sarcopenia and frailty remains uncertain, suggesting a need for tailored nutritional strategies. Future studies should aim for well-designed clinical trials in order to gain a better understanding of the roles of minerals in improving muscle health and functional outcomes, leading to clearer recommendations for clinical practice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 850-858.
解决老龄化人口中的肌肉减少症和虚弱问题对于提高生活质量和减少医疗依赖至关重要。虽然人们已经了解了能量、蛋白质和氨基酸补充的重要性，但矿物质的作用仍需要进一步探索。本系统评价评估了这些矿物质在管理肌肉减少症和虚弱方面的有效性。
我们分析了 2000 年 1 月至 2023 年 3 月期间 Cochrane 中央对照试验注册库、MEDLINE 和 Ichu-shi Web 中的数据。如果研究是干预性或观察性的，聚焦于年龄在 65 岁或以上的虚弱或肌肉减少症患者，并且涉及矿物质补充，则选择这些研究。使用 Cochrane 风险偏倚 2 工具评估这些研究的偏倚风险。
在确定的 615 项研究中，有 7 项符合纳入标准。这些研究主要集中在联合营养素补充的效果上，很少关注单一矿物质。研究结果参差不齐，表明肌肉力量、日常生活活动和认知功能有所改善。值得注意的是，矿物质似乎作为多营养素干预的一部分提供了益处，特别是对认知和免疫健康，但当单独使用时对肌肉质量或力量的影响有限。研究数量有限且结果各异，使得可行的荟萃分析无法进行。
矿物质补充对肌肉减少症和虚弱的影响仍不确定，这表明需要制定个性化的营养策略。未来的研究应旨在进行精心设计的临床试验，以便更好地了解矿物质在改善肌肉健康和功能结果方面的作用，从而为临床实践提供更明确的建议。老年医学与老年病学国际 2024 年；24：850-858.
