Liu Gaoming, Jiang Shide, Xie Wenqing, Liu Xu, Yang Guang, Lu Wenhao, Li Hengzhen, Liu Zhi, Xiao Wenfeng, Li Yusheng
Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
Department of Orthopedics, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, 425000, China.
J Transl Med. 2025 Jun 12;23(1):650. doi: 10.1186/s12967-025-06575-3.
Biomarkers in sarcopenia have garnered increasing interest. This study aims to systematically identify biomarkers with potential diagnostic significance for sarcopenia, as well as those exhibiting correlations with sarcopenia, particularly biomarkers reporting quantitative pooled data.
This umbrella review adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data sources including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from the inception of data to April 7, 2025. The AMSTAR 2 tool and QUADAS-2 tool was utilized to assess the methodological quality of including studies, while the GRADE approach was used to evaluate the quality of evidence in these studies.
A total of 22 studies were included. The identified biomarkers encompass inflammatory, metabolic, hormonal, amino acid-related, genetic, and other categories. The evidence quality for most biomarkers was rated as very low. The creatinine to cystatin C (Cr/CysC) ratio emerged as the most frequently utilized diagnostic biomarker, demonstrating moderate diagnostic accuracy. However, its diagnostic performance exhibited variability across different diagnostic criteria. Biomarkers associated with sarcopenia predominantly demonstrated weak or negligible inverse correlations. Inflammatory biomarkers underwent the most comprehensive investigation. Patients with sarcopenia exhibited elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels compared to controls, with these markers showing post-intervention improvement. Some metabolic and amino acid biomarkers were found to be lower in patients with sarcopenia than in the control group.
The Cr/CysC ratio demonstrates moderate diagnostic accuracy and represents the most frequently utilized diagnostic biomarker for sarcopenia. Inflammatory biomarkers constitute the predominant biomarkers and exhibit general elevation in sarcopenia patients. Following sarcopenia interventions, alterations in biomarker expression levels are observed, suggesting novel therapeutic applications for these biomarkers.
肌肉减少症的生物标志物已引起越来越多的关注。本研究旨在系统地识别对肌肉减少症具有潜在诊断意义的生物标志物，以及与肌肉减少症相关的生物标志物，特别是报告定量汇总数据的生物标志物。
本系统综述遵循PRISMA 2020指南。从数据起始至2025年4月7日，检索了包括PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Embase、Scopus和Web of Science在内的数据来源。使用AMSTAR 2工具和QUADAS - 2工具评估纳入研究的方法学质量，同时采用GRADE方法评估这些研究中的证据质量。
共纳入22项研究。识别出的生物标志物包括炎症、代谢、激素、氨基酸相关、遗传和其他类别。大多数生物标志物的证据质量被评为极低。肌酐与胱抑素C（Cr/CysC）比值是最常用的诊断生物标志物，显示出中等诊断准确性。然而，其诊断性能在不同诊断标准下存在差异。与肌肉减少症相关的生物标志物主要表现出弱或可忽略不计的负相关。炎症生物标志物的研究最为全面。与对照组相比，肌肉减少症患者的白细胞介素 - 6（IL - 6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和肿瘤坏死因子 - α（TNF - α）水平升高，这些标志物在干预后有所改善。发现一些代谢和氨基酸生物标志物在肌肉减少症患者中低于对照组。
Cr/CysC比值显示出中等诊断准确性，是肌肉减少症最常用的诊断生物标志物。炎症生物标志物是主要的生物标志物，在肌肉减少症患者中普遍升高。在肌肉减少症干预后，观察到生物标志物表达水平的变化，提示这些生物标志物具有新的治疗应用。
