Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Curr Protoc. 2024 Aug;4(8):e1110. doi: 10.1002/cpz1.1110.
In addition to current challenges in food production arising from climate change, soil salinization, drought, flooding, and human-caused disruption, abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS), e.g., a nuclear winter, supervolcano eruption, or large asteroid or comet strike, are catastrophes that would severely disrupt the global food supply and decimate normal agricultural practices. In such global catastrophes, teragrams of particulate matter, such as aerosols of soot, dust, and sulfates, would be injected into the stratosphere and block sunlight for multiple years. The reduction of incident sunlight would cause a decrease in temperature and precipitation and major shifts to climate patterns leading to devastating reductions in agricultural production of traditional food crops. To survive a catastrophic ASRS or endure current and future disasters and famines, humans might need to rely on post-catastrophic foods, or those that could be foraged, grown, or produced under the new climate conditions to supplement reduced availability of traditional foods. These foods have sometimes been referred to as emergency, alternate, or resilient foods in the literature. While there is a growing body of work that summarizes potential post-catastrophic foods and their nutritional profiles based on existing data in the literature, this article documents a list of protocols to experimentally determine fundamental nutritional properties of post-catastrophic foods that can be used to assess the relative contributions of those foods to a balanced human diet that meets established nutritional requirements while avoiding toxic levels of nutrients. © 2024 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Total digestible glucans Basic Protocol 2: Apparent protein digestibility Basic Protocol 3: Vitamins B, B, B, C, and D by HPLC Basic Protocol 4: Total antioxidant activity (DPPH-scavenging activity) Basic Protocol 5: Total phenolic compounds (Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method) Basic Protocol 6: Mineral content by ICP-OES.
除了气候变化、土壤盐渍化、干旱、洪水和人为干扰导致的当前粮食生产挑战外，突发阳光减少情景（ASRS），例如核冬天、超级火山爆发或大型小行星或彗星撞击，都是会严重扰乱全球粮食供应并摧毁正常农业实践的灾难。在这种全球灾难中，会有 teragrams（太拉，重量单位，10 的 12 次方克）级的颗粒物质，例如煤烟、灰尘和硫酸盐气溶胶，会被注入平流层并阻挡阳光多年。入射阳光的减少会导致温度和降水下降以及气候模式的重大转变，从而导致传统粮食作物的农业产量大幅减少。为了在灾难性的 ASRS 中生存或在当前和未来的灾害和饥荒中生存，人类可能需要依赖灾后食品，或者在新的气候条件下可以觅食、种植或生产的食品，以补充传统食品供应的减少。这些食品在文献中有时被称为紧急、替代或弹性食品。虽然越来越多的工作根据文献中的现有数据总结了潜在的灾后食品及其营养概况，但本文记录了一组实验确定灾后食品基本营养特性的方案，这些方案可用于评估这些食品对满足既定营养需求的平衡人类饮食的相对贡献，同时避免营养物的毒性水平。 © 2024 作者。 Wiley Periodicals LLC 出版的《当代协议》。 基本方案 1：总可消化性葡聚糖 基本方案 2：表观蛋白质消化率 基本方案 3：通过 HPLC 测定维生素 B、B、B、C 和 D 基本方案 4：总抗氧化活性（DPPH 清除活性） 基本方案 5：总酚类化合物（福林-希考尔特试剂法） 基本方案 6：通过 ICP-OES 测定矿物质含量。
