[Local advances and challenges in the molecular diagnosis of solid tumors: a health perspective towards precision oncology in Chile].

Cancer will remain one of the most significant challenges for public health, locally and globally. Currently, cancer is the leading cause of death in our country. Thanks to the enormous knowledge accumulated in recent decades on the cellular and molecular bases of cancer, precision oncology has been developed, an approach that allows for increasingly precise pharmacological treatment based on diagnostic tests. Advanced technologies such as next-generation sequencing are used for this purpose. It is essential to implement these technologies in current and future health systems to optimize the arsenal of strategies for cancer control. This review discusses some of the achievements of precision oncology, particularly applied to solid tumors. It addresses the state-of-the-art minimum biomarkers required for the diagnosis of this important group of neoplasms, the local situation regarding technological capabilities installed in the national territory, either for research or diagnosis, and the potential health impact of applying all this practical knowledge to serve people with cancer, both in the public and private sectors.