Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan,
Zoolog Sci. 2024 Aug;41(4):385-391. doi: 10.2108/zs230072.
The Japanese Archipelago hosts a rich butterfly fauna, and elucidating the genetic structures of multiple species is necessary to clarify their formation processes. This study aimed to reveal the genetic structure and distribution formation process of , which is widely distributed across the Japanese Archipelago from Hokkaido to Shikoku, through phylogeographic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I () gene sequence. Thirty haplotypes were revealed from 311 individuals from 47 sites, indicating significant differences in the genetic structures between the eastern and western parts of the Japanese Archipelago. In Eastern Japan, multiple genetic clusters were found, with some sites harboring two clusters. The divergence times among populations in Eastern Japan were relatively recent, and no genetic differentiation was observed between regions, including between Hokkaido and Honshu, which are separated by a narrow strait. In contrast, in Western Japan, including Shikoku, unique genetic clusters were observed in each region. The phylogenetic relationships among populations were regionally clustered, and the divergence times were relatively ancient. The distribution and genetic structure of in the Japanese Archipelago have been significantly influenced by temperature fluctuations and the presence of geographical barriers during the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles, including the potential formation of refugia in Western Japan.
日本群岛拥有丰富的蝴蝶区系，阐明多个物种的遗传结构对于阐明其形成过程是必要的。本研究旨在通过基于线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基 I () 基因序列的系统地理学分析，揭示广泛分布于日本群岛从北海道到四国的 的遗传结构和分布形成过程。从 47 个地点的 311 个个体中发现了 30 个单倍型，表明日本群岛东部和西部的遗传结构存在显著差异。在日本东部，发现了多个遗传聚类，有些地点含有两个聚类。日本东部种群之间的分化时间相对较近，包括北海道和本州之间，它们被一条狭窄的海峡隔开，没有观察到遗传分化。相比之下，在包括四国在内的日本西部，每个地区都存在独特的遗传聚类。种群之间的系统发育关系呈区域性聚类，分化时间相对较古老。日本群岛的 分布和遗传结构受到更新世冰期-间冰期气候波动和地理屏障的显著影响，包括在日本西部形成避难所的潜力。
