Department of Crop Production, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo (CIAM), AGACAL, La Coruña, 15080, Spain.
Department of Crop Production and Engineering Projects, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Aug 3;24(1):740. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05440-7.
The Agricultural Research Centre of Mabegondo (Xunta de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain) conserves one of the most important collections of phytogenetic resources of ecotypes and natural populations of grassland species from northwestern Spain, among them populations of ryegrass (Lolium spp.), one of the most cultivated forage grasses in the world. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diversity among commercial cultivars and natural ryegrass populations with phenotypic traits and molecular markers.
Eleven polymorphic microsatellites loci were used to analyze 58 ecotypes and 10 cultivars (680 DNA samples in total) differentiating 673 genotypes. Two main groups were detected by the Structure analysis, one related to Lolium perenne and a second to Lolium multiflorum. The first group showed two subgroups and the second three. The cluster of L. multiflorum showed two subgroups not related with the third cluster including commercial varieties, one from the Canary Islands (with Lolium rigidum included) and a second one from northwestern Spain, which presented specific agromorphological characteristics, such as lower FES (number of days from 1 January, when three heads per plant were flowering per plot), CRE (growth in flowering, in g of dry matter), and AIN (number of inflorescences per plant).
This is the first time that a large amount of data on ryegrass from the Iberian Peninsula has been analyzed, obtaining a clear genetic differentiation of the autochthonous varieties from the commercial varieties analyzed. In addition, the genetic structure found in the ecotypes was related to the phenotypic variation analyzed. Being of interest in the conservation of biodiversity and in obtaining better adapted varieties of ryegrasses, due to their specific phenotypic traits, such as a lower FES, CRE and AIN.
马贝贡多农业研究中心（西班牙加利西亚自治区拉科鲁尼亚）保存着西班牙西北部草原物种生态型和自然种群中最重要的植物遗传资源之一，其中包括黑麦草（Lolium spp.）种群，这是世界上种植最广泛的饲料草之一。本研究的目的是利用表型和分子标记评估商业品种和自然黑麦草种群的多样性。
使用 11 个多态微卫星标记位点分析了 58 个生态型和 10 个品种（共 680 个 DNA 样本），共鉴定出 673 个基因型。结构分析检测到两个主要群体，一个与 Lolium perenne 有关，另一个与 Lolium multiflorum 有关。第一个群体显示出两个亚群，第二个群体显示出三个亚群。Lolium multiflorum 亚群分为两个亚群，与第三个包括商业品种的亚群没有关系，其中一个来自加那利群岛（包括 Lolium rigidum），另一个来自西班牙西北部，具有特定的农艺形态特征，如较低的 FES（从 1 月 1 日起，每株三个头开花的天数）、CRE（开花生长，以干物质计）和 AIN（每株花序数）。
这是首次对伊比利亚半岛的黑麦草进行大量数据分析，获得了分析的商业品种与本地品种的明确遗传分化。此外，生态型中发现的遗传结构与分析的表型变异有关。由于其特定的表型特征，如较低的 FES、CRE 和 AIN，对生物多样性的保护和获得更好适应的黑麦草品种具有重要意义。
