UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
Metabolomics. 2024 Aug 3;20(5):93. doi: 10.1007/s11306-024-02157-4.
Bovine milk contains a rich matrix of nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat, protein and various vitamins and minerals, the composition of which is altered by factors including dietary regime.
The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of dietary regime on the metabolite composition of bovine whole milk powder and buttermilk.
Bovine whole milk powder and buttermilk samples were obtained from spring-calving cows, consuming one of three diets. Group 1 grazed outdoors on perennial ryegrass which was supplemented with 5% concentrates; group 2 were maintained indoors and consumed a total mixed ration diet; and group 3 consumed a partial mixed ration diet consisting of perennial ryegrass during the day and total mixed ration maintained indoors at night.
Metabolomic analysis of the whole milk powder (N = 27) and buttermilk (N = 29) samples was preformed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, with 504 and 134 metabolites identified in the samples respectively. In whole milk powder samples, a total of 174 metabolites from various compound classes were significantly different across dietary regimes (FDR adjusted p-value ≤ 0.05), including triglycerides, of which 66% had their highest levels in pasture-fed samples. Triglycerides with highest levels in pasture-fed samples were predominantly polyunsaturated with high total carbon number. Regarding buttermilk samples, metabolites significantly different across dietary regimes included phospholipids, sphingomyelins and an acylcarnitine.
In conclusion the results reveal a significant impact of a pasture-fed dietary regime on the metabolite composition of bovine dairy products, with a particular impact on lipid compound classes.
牛奶含有丰富的营养基质，如碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质和各种维生素和矿物质，其组成因饮食制度等因素而改变。
本研究旨在探讨饮食制度对全脂牛奶粉和黄油牛奶代谢物组成的影响。
从春季产奶牛中获得全脂牛奶粉和黄油牛奶样本，这些奶牛分别食用三种饮食中的一种。第 1 组在黑麦草草地上放牧，并用 5%的浓缩物补充；第 2 组在室内饲养，食用全混合日粮；第 3 组白天食用黑麦草，晚上在室内食用部分混合日粮。
使用液相色谱-串联质谱法对全脂牛奶粉（N=27）和黄油牛奶（N=29）样品进行代谢组学分析，分别在样品中鉴定出 504 种和 134 种代谢物。在全脂牛奶粉样品中，共有 174 种来自各种化合物类别的代谢物在饮食制度之间存在显著差异（FDR 调整后的 p 值≤0.05），包括甘油三酯，其中 66%的甘油三酯在牧草喂养的样品中含量最高。牧草喂养样品中含量最高的甘油三酯主要是多不饱和的，具有高总碳原子数。关于黄油牛奶样品，饮食制度之间存在显著差异的代谢物包括磷脂、神经鞘磷脂和酰基肉碱。
总之，研究结果表明，牧草喂养的饮食制度对牛乳制品的代谢物组成有显著影响，特别是对脂质化合物类有特别影响。
