Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Food Res Int. 2022 Apr;154:110984. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110984. Epub 2022 Feb 12.
Milk and milk products are nutritionally rich and consumed globally. Maintaining nutritional quality and ensuring safety of these products have become one of the major topics in dairy research. Dairy products contain metabolites including key nutritional elements, which are derived from dairy animals and elsewhere (e.g. milk processing, fermentation). Since the level and type of metabolites can vary by diverse factors from farm to table dairy, metabolites may represent the quality of milk and milk products in terms of nutritional value, authenticity, safety, and so on. In this review, we introduce metabolomics as a powerful tool to obtain a comprehensive snapshot of metabolite composition and dynamic changes, and focus on its recent progress and applications in dairy product quality. Factors (pre- and post-harvest effects, contamination, adulteration, etc.) affecting the quality and safety of products are dissected, and examples of related metabolomics works are provided. Potential metabolite indicators and metabolic mechanisms associated with the quality factors of dairy products are presented. With cases of single metabolomics approach, current trends in the integration of metabolomics with other omics techniques (so called multi-omics) in dairy science, as well as future perspectives of metabolomics in the field are also explored and discussed.
牛奶和奶制品营养丰富，在全球范围内都有消费。保持这些产品的营养质量和安全性已成为乳品研究的主要课题之一。乳制品中含有代谢物，包括关键的营养成分，这些成分来自于乳制品动物和其他地方（例如，牛奶加工、发酵）。由于从农场到餐桌的乳制品中代谢物的水平和类型可能因多种因素而异，因此代谢物可能代表了牛奶和奶制品在营养价值、真实性、安全性等方面的质量。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了代谢组学作为一种获取代谢物组成和动态变化综合图的强大工具，并重点介绍了它在乳制品质量研究中的最新进展和应用。我们剖析了影响产品质量和安全的因素（收获前后的影响、污染、掺假等），并提供了相关代谢组学工作的实例。还提出了与乳制品质量因素相关的潜在代谢物指标和代谢机制。通过单一代谢组学方法的案例，探讨和讨论了代谢组学与乳品科学中其他组学技术（所谓的多组学）相结合的当前趋势，以及代谢组学在该领域的未来前景。
