State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City/College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
Chem Phys Lipids. 2024 Oct;264:105422. doi: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105422. Epub 2024 Aug 2.
Phosphatidylserine (PtdS) is classified as a glycerophospholipid and a primary anionic phospholipid and is particularly abundant in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in neural tissues. It is synthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by exchanging the base head group with serine, and this reaction is catalyzed by PtdS synthase-1 and PtdS synthase-2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum. PtdS exposure on the outside surface of the cell is essential for eliminating apoptotic cells and initiating the blood clotting cascade. It is also a precursor of phosphatidylethanolamine, produced by PtdS decarboxylase in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. Furthermore, PtdS acts as a cofactor for several necessary enzymes that participate in signaling pathways. Beyond these functions, several studies indicate that PtdS plays a role in various cerebral functions, including activating membrane signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and synaptic refinement associated with the central nervous system (CNS). This review discusses the occurrence of PtdS in nature and biosynthesis via enzymes and genes in plants, yeast, prokaryotes, mammalian cells, and the brain, and enzymatic synthesis through phospholipase D (PLD). Furthermore, we discuss metabolism, its role in the CNS, the fortification of foods, and supplementation for improving some memory functions, the results of which remain unclear. PtdS can be a potentially beneficial addition to foods for kids, seniors, athletes, and others, especially with the rising consumer trend favoring functional foods over conventional pills and capsules. Clinical studies have shown that PtdS is safe and well tolerated by patients.
磷脂酰丝氨酸（PtdS）被归类为甘油磷脂和主要阴离子磷脂，在神经组织的质膜内层中特别丰富。它是通过与丝氨酸交换碱基头基，由磷脂酰胆碱或磷脂酰乙醇胺合成的，该反应由位于内质网中的 PtdS 合酶-1 和 PtdS 合酶-2 催化。细胞外表面 PtdS 的暴露对于消除凋亡细胞和启动血液凝固级联反应至关重要。它也是磷脂酰乙醇胺的前体，由细菌、酵母和哺乳动物细胞中的 PtdS 脱羧酶产生。此外，PtdS 作为几种参与信号通路的必需酶的辅助因子发挥作用。除了这些功能外，几项研究表明 PtdS 在各种大脑功能中发挥作用，包括激活膜信号通路、神经炎症、神经递质传递和与中枢神经系统（CNS）相关的突触细化。这篇综述讨论了 PtdS 在植物、酵母、原核生物、哺乳动物细胞和大脑中通过酶和基因的自然发生和生物合成、通过磷脂酶 D（PLD）的酶促合成，以及代谢、在 CNS 中的作用、食品强化和补充以改善某些记忆功能，其结果尚不清楚。PtdS 可以作为儿童、老年人、运动员和其他人群食品的潜在有益补充剂，尤其是随着消费者倾向于功能性食品而不是传统药丸和胶囊的趋势不断上升。临床研究表明，PtdS 对患者是安全且耐受良好的。
