膳食对胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病中 microRNAs 的调控。

Dietary modulation of microRNAs in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

机构信息

Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory (GENUIN), Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

出版信息

J Nutr Biochem. 2024 Nov;133:109714. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109714. Epub 2024 Aug 2.

DOI:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109714

PMID:39097171

Abstract

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Various molecular mechanisms have been proposed to interfere with the insulin signaling pathway. Recent advances in proteomics and genomics indicate that one such mechanism involves the post-transcriptional regulation of insulin signaling by microRNA (miRNA). These noncoding RNAs typically induce messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or translational repression by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNA. Dietary components and patterns, which can either enhance or impair the insulin signaling pathway, have been found to regulate miRNA expression in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of how dietary components influence the expression of miRNAs related to the control of the insulin signaling pathway and discusses the potential application of these findings in precision nutrition.

摘要

2 型糖尿病的患病率在全球范围内不断增加。人们提出了各种分子机制来干扰胰岛素信号通路。蛋白质组学和基因组学的最新进展表明，其中一种机制涉及 microRNA（miRNA）对胰岛素信号的转录后调控。这些非编码 RNA 通常通过与靶 mRNA 的 3'非翻译区（3'UTR）相互作用来诱导信使 RNA（mRNA）降解或翻译抑制。在体外和体内研究中都发现，能够增强或损害胰岛素信号通路的饮食成分和模式会调节与胰岛素信号通路控制相关的 miRNA 的表达。本综述概述了饮食成分如何影响与控制胰岛素信号通路相关的 miRNA 表达的现有知识，并讨论了这些发现在精准营养中的潜在应用。