Ecole de Psychologie, Universite Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
Ecole de Psychologie, Universite Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
Prog Brain Res. 2024;287:247-285. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.04.001. Epub 2024 May 14.
Previous research has shown that mindfulness is associated with slower passage of time in everyday life, and with lower self-reported time pressure. This study investigates some of the potential mechanisms behind these relationships.
318 participants submitted their responses to an online survey which collected data regarding passage of time judgments, time pressure, trait mindfulness, temperament, task load, and metacognitions about time. Using commonality and dominance analyses, we explored how these variables contributed, either alone or jointly, to predicting how fast (or slow) time seems to pass for participants, or how pressed for time they felt.
Mindfulness and temperament had some overlaps in their ability to predict passage of time judgments and time pressure for durations at the month and 2-month scales. The temperamental trait of extraversion/surgency, as well as the Non-judging and Non-reacting facets of mindfulness were among the best predictors of passage of time judgments and time pressure. Attention-related variables were mainly related to time perception via their involvement in joint effects with other variables. Results also suggested that metacognitions about time interacted with other variables in predicting passage of time judgments, but only at the month scale. Finally, among all the variables included in this study, task load had the highest degree of involvement in predictions of self-reported time pressure at the week and month scales, but it contributed relatively little to predicting passage of time judgments.
Results suggest that mindfulness relates to passage of time through its involvement in inferential processes. The data also shows how different factors are related to PoTJ at different time scales. Finally, results suggest the existence of both similarities and differences in how passage of time and time pressure relate to the other included variables.
先前的研究表明，正念与日常生活中时间流逝的速度较慢以及自我报告的时间压力较低有关。本研究探讨了这些关系背后的一些潜在机制。
318 名参与者提交了他们对在线调查的回复，该调查收集了有关时间流逝判断、时间压力、特质正念、气质、任务负荷以及时间元认知的信息。我们使用共性和优势分析，探讨了这些变量单独或联合如何预测参与者的时间流逝速度（或缓慢），或者他们感到时间紧迫的程度。
正念和气质在预测时间流逝判断和时间压力方面存在一定的重叠，尤其是在月和 2 个月的时间尺度上。外向性/活力气质特质以及正念的非评判和非反应特质是预测时间流逝判断和时间压力的最佳预测因素之一。与注意力相关的变量主要通过与其他变量的联合作用与时间感知相关。结果还表明，时间元认知与其他变量在预测时间流逝判断时存在相互作用，但仅在月尺度上。最后，在本研究中包含的所有变量中，任务负荷在预测自我报告的时间压力方面在周和月尺度上的参与度最高，但对预测时间流逝判断的贡献相对较小。
结果表明，正念通过参与推理过程与时间流逝相关。数据还显示了不同因素如何在不同的时间尺度上与 PoTJ 相关。最后，结果表明，时间流逝和时间压力与其他包含的变量之间存在相似之处和差异。
