Santos Matilde, Melo Tânia, Maurício Tatiana, Ferreira Helena, Domingues Pedro, Domingues Rosário
Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Chemistry, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, Aveiro, Portugal.
FEBS Lett. 2024 Sep;598(17):2174-2189. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.14992. Epub 2024 Aug 4.
Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS), along with phosphatidylcholine (PC), are key phospholipids (PL) in cell membranes and lipoproteins, prone to oxidative modifications. Their oxidized forms, OxPE and OxPS, play significant roles in inflammation and immune response. This review explores their structural oxidative changes under non-enzymatic conditions and their roles in physiological and pathological contexts, influencing inflammation, and immunity. Specific oxidations of PE and PS significantly alter their physicochemical properties, leading to enhanced biological functions, reduced activity, or inactivation. OxPE may show pro-inflammatory actions, similar to well-documented OxPC, while the OxPS pro-inflammatory effects are less noted. However, OxPS and OxPE have also shown an antagonistic effect against lipopolysaccharides (LPS), suggesting a protective role against exacerbated immune responses, similar to OxPC. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of these less-studied OxPL classes. The role of OxPE and OxPS in disease pathogenesis remains largely unexplored, with limited studies linking them to Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic brain injury, and skin inflammation. These findings highlight the potential of OxPE and OxPS as biomarkers for disease diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic targeting.
磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）和磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS），与磷脂酰胆碱（PC）一起，是细胞膜和脂蛋白中的关键磷脂（PL），容易发生氧化修饰。它们的氧化形式，氧化型磷脂酰乙醇胺（OxPE）和氧化型磷脂酰丝氨酸（OxPS），在炎症和免疫反应中发挥重要作用。本综述探讨了它们在非酶条件下的结构氧化变化及其在生理和病理背景下的作用，包括对炎症和免疫的影响。PE和PS的特定氧化显著改变了它们的物理化学性质，导致生物学功能增强、活性降低或失活。OxPE可能表现出促炎作用，类似于已充分记录的氧化型磷脂酰胆碱（OxPC），而OxPS的促炎作用则较少被提及。然而，OxPS和OxPE也显示出对脂多糖（LPS）的拮抗作用，表明它们对过度免疫反应具有保护作用，类似于OxPC。需要进一步研究以加深我们对这些研究较少的氧化型磷脂类别的理解。OxPE和OxPS在疾病发病机制中的作用在很大程度上仍未被探索，仅有有限的研究将它们与阿尔茨海默病、糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、创伤性脑损伤和皮肤炎症联系起来。这些发现突出了OxPE和OxPS作为疾病诊断、监测和治疗靶点生物标志物的潜力。
