Rahmatabadi Seyyed Soheil, Bashiri Hoda, Soleymani Bijan
Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Plant Production Engineering and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2025 Feb;72(1):268-281. doi: 10.1002/bab.2647. Epub 2024 Aug 4.
Glycated proteins are generated by binding of glucose to the proteins in blood stream through a nonenzymatic reaction. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a glycated protein with glucose at the N-terminal of β-chain. HbA1c is extensively used as an indicator for assessing the blood glucose concentration in diabetes patients. There are different conventional clinical methods for the detection of HbA1c. However, enzymatic detection method has newly obtained great attention for its high precision and cost-effectiveness. Today, fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX) plays a key role in the enzymatic measurement of HbA1c, and different companies have marketed HbA1c assay systems based on FPOX. Recent investigations show that FPOX could be used in assaying HbA1 without requiring HbA1c primary digestion. It could also be applied as a biosensor for HbA1c detection. In this review, we have discussed the recent improvements of FPOX properties, different methods of FPOX purification, solubility, and immobilization, and also the use of FPOX in HbA1c biosensors.
糖化蛋白是通过血液中葡萄糖与蛋白质的非酶促反应结合而产生的。血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c）是一种在β链N端带有葡萄糖的糖化蛋白。HbA1c被广泛用作评估糖尿病患者血糖浓度的指标。目前有多种传统临床方法用于检测HbA1c。然而，酶促检测方法因其高精度和成本效益而受到新的广泛关注。如今，果糖基肽氧化酶（FPOX）在HbA1c的酶促检测中起着关键作用，不同公司已推出基于FPOX的HbA1c检测系统。最近的研究表明，FPOX可用于检测HbA1，无需对HbA1c进行初步消化。它还可作为HbA1c检测的生物传感器。在本综述中，我们讨论了FPOX特性的最新改进、FPOX纯化的不同方法、溶解度和固定化，以及FPOX在HbA1c生物传感器中的应用。
