Stevens D, Grant C, Botha T, Vosloo G, Rossouw H, De Jager P, Holtzhausen L
Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
S Afr J Sports Med. 2024 Jul 15;36(1):v36i1a16255. doi: 10.17159/2078-516X/2024/v36i1a16255. eCollection 2024.
Concussions are an ever present risk for many sports. Underlying emotional disturbances and drowsiness are associated with worse post-concussion symptom scores. Yet, not study has examined associations of both emotional disturbances and drowsiness on concussion severity and symptomology.
Examine the associations between baseline sleepiness, emotional complaints, and concussion risk and symptom severity in adolescent athletes.
A cohort of 626 adolescent athletes underwent baseline/pre-season concussion screening. Those who experienced a physician diagnosed concussion underwent follow up concussion symptomology assessment. Over 90% of players were seen within two weeks of the concussion incident. Linear regression examined for associations between concussion symptom scores and baseline drowsiness and baseline emotional symptoms. Logistic regression examined for association between each symptom and baseline drowsiness and baseline emotional symptoms.
Of the 626 athletes that underwent baseline testing, 292 experienced a concussion. Of those 292 athletes, 174 (59.6%) reported baseline drowsiness and 183 (62.7%) baseline emotional symptoms. Baseline drowsiness and emotional complaints were associated with a 2.6 (95% confidence interval = 1.9 to 3.6) and 2.8 (95% confidence interval = 2.0 to 3.9) times greater odds of sustaining a concussion respectively. Increased symptomology after concussion was associated with both baseline drowsiness (unstandardised b = 4.6, p < 0.01) and baseline emotional complaints (unstandardised b = 6.0, p < 0.01).
Preseason drowsiness and emotional complaints in adolescent athletes are associated with higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes following concussion. Therefore, clinicians and coaches should be aware, and properly screen, for sleep and emotional problems as part of pre-season/baseline health screening.
脑震荡是许多体育运动中始终存在的风险。潜在的情绪障碍和嗜睡与更严重的脑震荡后症状评分相关。然而，尚无研究探讨情绪障碍和嗜睡两者与脑震荡严重程度及症状学之间的关联。
研究青少年运动员的基线嗜睡、情绪问题与脑震荡风险及症状严重程度之间的关联。
626名青少年运动员队列接受了基线/季前脑震荡筛查。那些经医生诊断为脑震荡的运动员接受了后续脑震荡症状学评估。超过90%的运动员在脑震荡事件发生后的两周内接受了检查。线性回归分析脑震荡症状评分与基线嗜睡及基线情绪症状之间的关联。逻辑回归分析每种症状与基线嗜睡及基线情绪症状之间的关联。
在接受基线测试的626名运动员中，292人发生了脑震荡。在这292名运动员中，174人（59.6%）报告有基线嗜睡，183人（62.7%）有基线情绪症状。基线嗜睡和情绪问题分别与发生脑震荡的几率高出2.6倍（95%置信区间 = 1.9至3.6）和2.8倍（95%置信区间 = 2.0至3.9）相关。脑震荡后症状加重与基线嗜睡（未标准化b = 4.6，p < 0.01）和基线情绪问题（未标准化b = 6.0，p < 0.01）均相关。
青少年运动员季前嗜睡和情绪问题与脑震荡后不良临床结局的较高风险相关。因此，临床医生和教练应意识到并在季前/基线健康筛查中对睡眠和情绪问题进行适当筛查。
