Philip Sharad, Jadhav Prabhu, Sharda Arjita, Allam Abhishek, Singh Animisha, Seralathan Monisha, Angothu Hareesh, Rawat Vikram Singh, Muliyala Krishna Prasad, Thirthalli Jagadisha
Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India.
Department of Psychiatry, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Psychiatry. 2024 Mar;66(3):235-246. doi: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_138_23. Epub 2024 Mar 18.
An estimated 200 million Indians have mental health conditions - a sizeable proportion of them requiring psychiatric rehabilitation services. The numbers of mental health professionals are abysmally low. Early psycho-social rehabilitation interventions can improve functional outcomes, reducing disability. Psycho-social interventions have been made possible with the shift away from medical and charity models of disability to the establishment of social protections for vulnerable groups.
The authors have undertaken a narrative review of all the social protection measures that can be explained to persons affected by mental health conditions and their family members. A larger tabulation is provided as an appendix to this article that has details of all the social protection measures across the states and union territories of India. This tabulation can be useful as a one-stop reference for every mental health practitioner in India toward informing persons affected by mental health conditions and their family members about how recovery journeys can be advanced. The data have been compiled after extensive searches of official government websites, information brochures, and even relevant legal provisions.
For almost all the social protection measures provided by the central or state government, a disability certificate is a prerequisite. Rehabilitation today is a collaborative process aimed at community re-integration. In the absence of specialized services like those of clinical psychologists, vocational trainers, and psychiatric social workers, the psychiatrist becomes the sole point of contact. Motivated community members, recovered services users, and family members can aid mental health professionals by disseminating this knowledge further.
据估计，2亿印度人患有精神健康问题，其中相当一部分人需要精神科康复服务。精神健康专业人员的数量极低。早期的心理社会康复干预可以改善功能结局，减少残疾。随着从残疾的医疗和慈善模式转向为弱势群体建立社会保护，心理社会干预成为可能。
作者对所有可向精神健康状况患者及其家庭成员解释的社会保护措施进行了叙述性综述。本文附录提供了一个更大的表格，其中详细列出了印度各邦和中央直辖区的所有社会保护措施。该表格可作为印度每位精神健康从业者的一站式参考资料，用于告知精神健康状况患者及其家庭成员如何推进康复进程。这些数据是在广泛搜索政府官方网站、信息手册甚至相关法律规定后汇编而成的。
对于中央或邦政府提供的几乎所有社会保护措施而言，残疾证明是一项先决条件。如今的康复是一个旨在实现社区重新融入的协作过程。在缺乏临床心理学家、职业培训师和精神科社会工作者等专业服务的情况下，精神科医生成为唯一的联系点。积极的社区成员、康复的服务使用者和家庭成员可以通过进一步传播这些知识来帮助精神健康专业人员。
