Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM- Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Jul 19;15:1429523. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429523. eCollection 2024.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) poses a notable risk of morbidity and mortality. The natural resolution of the venous thrombus might be a potential alternative treatment strategy for VTE. Monocytes/macrophages merge as pivotal cell types in the gradual resolution of the thrombus. In this review, the vital role of macrophages in inducing inflammatory response, augmenting neovascularization, and facilitating the degradation of fibrin and collagen during thrombus resolution was described. The two phenotypes of macrophages involved in thrombus resolution and their dual functions were discussed. Macrophages expressing various factors, including cytokines and their receptors, adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, profibrinolytic- or antifibrinolytic-related enzymes, and other elements, are explored for their potential to promote or attenuate thrombus resolution. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive summary of new and promising therapeutic candidate drugs associated with monocytes/macrophages that have been demonstrated to promote or impair thrombus resolution. However, further clinical trials are essential to validate their efficacy in VTE therapy.
静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）具有显著的发病率和死亡率风险。静脉血栓的自然消退可能是 VTE 的一种潜在治疗策略。单核细胞/巨噬细胞融合为血栓逐渐消退的关键细胞类型。在这篇综述中，描述了巨噬细胞在诱导炎症反应、促进新生血管形成以及促进血栓消退过程中纤维蛋白和胶原降解方面的重要作用。讨论了参与血栓消退的两种巨噬细胞表型及其双重功能。探索了表达各种因子（包括细胞因子及其受体、黏附分子、趋化因子受体、血管内皮生长因子受体、纤维蛋白溶解或抗纤维蛋白溶解相关酶以及其他成分）的巨噬细胞，以研究它们促进或抑制血栓消退的潜力。此外，本综述还全面总结了与单核细胞/巨噬细胞相关的新的有前途的治疗候选药物，这些药物已被证明能促进或阻碍血栓消退。然而，仍需要进一步的临床试验来验证它们在 VTE 治疗中的疗效。
