Stirling Brian D, Sum Jonathan C, Baek Lisa, Michener Lori A, Barrack Adam J, Tate Angela R
Rehab Ortho & Sports Stanford Health Care.
Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy University of Southern California.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2024 Aug 1;19(8):965-975. doi: 10.26603/001c.121114. eCollection 2024.
There are 2.8 million youth competitive swimmers in the United States (US), and shoulder pain is the most common complaint among swimmers.
To determine prevalence of shoulder pain, disability, and dissatisfaction in youth competitive swimmers. A secondary purpose was to determine influence of age, competitive swimming experience, and previous history of shoulder pain or injury on shoulder pain, disability, and dissatisfaction, and finally to determine if sex, geographic area, and participation in a second sport relate to shoulder pain, disability, and dissatisfaction.
Multi-site cross-sectional design.
Six-hundred and seventy-one swimmers aged 9-17 years from six states in the US completed surveys which included demographics, the Penn Shoulder Score (PSS), and the Disability of Arm Shoulder Hand (DASH) Sports. Independent t-tests were used to compare pain, disability, dissatisfaction, the influence of age, sex, participation in second sport, geographic region, and history of shoulder pain. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the interaction of these variables with reported pain and disability.
Forty-nine percent of swimmers had shoulder symptoms. Greater shoulder pain and disability were reported in 15 to 17-year-olds compared to 9 to 10-year-olds (pain and disability: p<0.001), in swimmers with greater versus less years of experience (pain and disability: p<0.001), and in swimmers from eastern versus western states (pain: p=0.001, disability: p=0.0014). Swimmers not participating in a second sport had higher shoulder dissatisfaction (p=0.002). History of prior shoulder pain/traumatic injury was the best indicator of increased pain, disability, and dissatisfaction (p<0.001).
Almost half of swimmers surveyed had shoulder pain, with a higher prevalence found in older age groups, those with greater experience, and in those with prior shoulder pain or traumatic injury. Further research should investigate shoulder pain prevention programs, and surveillance methods are recommended to identify symptomatic swimmers who may benefit from referral to prevent further pain and disability.
III.
美国有280万青少年竞技游泳运动员，肩部疼痛是游泳运动员中最常见的主诉。
确定青少年竞技游泳运动员肩部疼痛、功能障碍和不满的患病率。次要目的是确定年龄、竞技游泳经验以及既往肩部疼痛或损伤史对肩部疼痛、功能障碍和不满的影响，最后确定性别、地理区域以及参与第二项运动是否与肩部疼痛、功能障碍和不满相关。
多中心横断面设计。
来自美国六个州的671名9至17岁的游泳运动员完成了调查，调查内容包括人口统计学信息、宾夕法尼亚肩部评分（PSS）以及上肢、肩部和手部功能障碍（DASH）运动量表。采用独立样本t检验比较疼痛、功能障碍、不满情况，以及年龄、性别、参与第二项运动、地理区域和肩部疼痛史的影响。进行线性回归分析以确定这些变量与报告的疼痛和功能障碍之间的相互作用。
49%的游泳运动员有肩部症状。与9至10岁的运动员相比，15至17岁的运动员报告的肩部疼痛和功能障碍更严重（疼痛和功能障碍：p<0.001），经验年限较多的运动员比经验年限较少的运动员更严重（疼痛和功能障碍：p<0.001），东部各州的游泳运动员比西部各州的游泳运动员更严重（疼痛：p=0.001，功能障碍：p=0.0014）。不参与第二项运动的游泳运动员肩部不满情绪更高（p=0.002）。既往肩部疼痛/创伤性损伤史是疼痛、功能障碍和不满情绪增加的最佳指标（p<0.001）。
几乎一半接受调查的游泳运动员有肩部疼痛，在年龄较大的组、经验更丰富的运动员以及有既往肩部疼痛或创伤性损伤的运动员中患病率更高。应进一步研究肩部疼痛预防项目，并建议采用监测方法来识别可能从转诊中受益以预防进一步疼痛和功能障碍的有症状游泳运动员。
III级。
