Sports Biomech. 2014 Mar;13(1):62-74. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2013.865139.
This study aimed to analyse the effect of growth during a summer break on biomechanical profile of talented swimmers. Twenty-five young swimmers (12 boys and 13 girls) undertook several anthropometric and biomechanical tests at the end of the 2011-2012 season (pre-test) and 10 weeks later at the beginning of the 2012-2013 season (post-test). Height, arm span, hand surface area, and foot surface area were collected as anthropometric parameters, while stroke frequency, stroke length, stroke index, propelling efficiency, active drag, and active drag coefficient were considered as biomechanical variables. The mean swimming velocity during an all-out 25 m front crawl effort was used as the performance outcome. After the 10-week break, the swimmers were taller with an increased arm span, hand, and foot areas. Increases in stroke length, stroke index, propelling efficiency, and performance were also observed. Conversely, the stroke frequency, active drag, and drag coefficient remained unchanged. When controlling the effect of growth, no significant variation was determined on the biomechanical variables. The performance presented high associations with biomechanical and anthropometric parameters at pre-test and post-test, respectively. The results show that young talented swimmers still present biomechanical improvements after a 10-week break, which are mainly explained by their normal growth.
本研究旨在分析夏季生长对有天赋游泳运动员生物力学特征的影响。25 名年轻游泳运动员（12 名男孩和 13 名女孩）在 2011-2012 赛季末（预测试）和 2012-2013 赛季初（后测试）的 10 周后进行了多项人体测量学和生物力学测试。身高、臂展、手表面积和脚表面积作为人体测量学参数进行采集，而划频、划长、划频指数、推进效率、主动阻力和主动阻力系数则被视为生物力学变量。全力 25 米自由泳的平均游泳速度被用作表现结果。在 10 周的休息后，游泳运动员的身高增加，臂展、手和脚的面积也有所增加。划长、划频指数、推进效率和表现都有所提高。相反，划频、主动阻力和阻力系数保持不变。在控制生长影响后，生物力学变量没有显著变化。在预测试和后测试时，表现与生物力学和人体测量学参数都呈现出高度相关性。研究结果表明，年轻的有天赋游泳运动员在 10 周的休息后仍能表现出生物力学的提高，这主要是由他们的正常生长所解释。
