Malina Robert M
Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010 Nov-Dec;9(6):364-71. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181fe3166.
Year-round training in a single sport beginning at a relatively young age is increasingly common among youth. Contributing factors include perceptions of Eastern European sport programs, a parent's desire to give his or her child an edge, labeling youth as talented at an early age, pursuit of scholarships and professional contracts, the sporting goods and services industry, and expertise research. The factors interact with the demands of sport systems. Limiting experiences to a single sport is not the best path to elite status. Risks of early specialization include social isolation, overdependence, burnout, and perhaps risk of overuse injury. Commitment to a single sport at an early age immerses a youngster in a complex world regulated by adults, which is a setting that facilitates manipulation - social, dietary, chemical, and commercial. Youth sport must be kept in perspective. Participants, including talented young athletes, are children and adolescents with the needs of children and adolescents.
在相对较小的年龄就开始全年进行单一运动项目的训练，在青少年中越来越普遍。促成因素包括对东欧体育项目的认知、父母希望孩子获得优势、过早将青少年标记为有天赋、追求奖学金和职业合同、体育用品和服务行业以及专业研究。这些因素与体育系统的需求相互作用。将经历局限于单一运动并非通往精英地位的最佳途径。早期专项化的风险包括社交孤立、过度依赖、倦怠，以及可能的过度使用损伤风险。过早致力于单一运动项目会使青少年置身于一个由成年人掌控的复杂世界，这是一个便于进行社会、饮食、药物和商业操控的环境。青少年体育运动必须正确看待。参与者，包括有天赋的年轻运动员，都是有儿童和青少年需求的儿童和青少年。
