School of Psychology, University of Nottingham.
School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester.
J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn. 2024 Jul;50(3):197-209. doi: 10.1037/xan0000383.
The ABA renewal effect occurs when behavior is trained in one context (A), extinguished in a second context (B), and the test occurs in the training context (A). Two mechanisms that explain ABA renewal are context summation at the test and contextual modulation of extinction learning, with the former being unlikely if both contexts have a similar associative history. In two experiments, we used within-subjects designs in which participants learned to avoid a loud noise (unconditioned stimulus) signaled by discrete visual stimuli (conditioned stimuli [CSs]), by pressing the space bar on the computer keyboard. The training was conducted in two contexts, with a different pair of CSs (CS+ and CS-) trained in each context. During extinction, CS+ and CS- stimuli were presented in the alternative context from that of training, and participants were allowed to freely respond, but no loud noise was presented. Finally, all CSs were tested in both contexts, resulting in a within-subjects ABA versus ABB comparison. Across experiments, participants increased avoidance responses during training and decreased them during extinction, although Experiment 2 revealed less extinction. During the test, responding was higher when CS+ were tested in the training context (ABA) versus the extinction context (ABB), revealing the renewal of instrumental avoidance. Experiment 2 also measured expectancy after the avoidance test and revealed a remarkable similarity between avoidance responses and expectancy ratings. This study shows the renewal of instrumental avoidance in humans, and the results suggest the operation of a modulatory role for the context in renewal, similar to the occasion setting of extinction learning by the context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
ABA 再现效应发生在以下情况下：行为在一个情境（A）中被训练，在第二个情境（B）中被消除，然后在训练情境（A）中进行测试。解释 ABA 再现的两种机制是测试时的情境总和和情境对消退学习的调制，前提是如果两个情境具有相似的关联历史，则前者不太可能发生。在两项实验中，我们使用了被试内设计，参与者通过按下计算机键盘上的空格键来学习避免由离散视觉刺激（条件刺激 [CSs]）发出的响亮噪音（无条件刺激）。培训在两个情境中进行，每个情境中都有一对不同的 CS 进行训练。在消退期间，CS+和 CS-刺激在与训练情境不同的替代情境中呈现，参与者可以自由反应，但不会呈现响亮的噪音。最后，所有 CSs 在两个情境中都进行了测试，导致了一个被试内的 ABA 与 ABB 比较。在整个实验过程中，参与者在训练期间增加了回避反应，在消退期间减少了回避反应，尽管实验 2 显示出的消退程度较低。在测试期间，当 CS+在训练情境（ABA）中进行测试时，反应更高，而在消退情境（ABB）中进行测试时则较低，这揭示了工具性回避的再现。实验 2 还在回避测试后测量了预期，结果显示回避反应和预期评分之间存在显著相似性。这项研究表明，人类的工具性回避可以再现，并且结果表明，情境在再现中的调制作用类似于情境在消退学习中的场合设置。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
