Nelson James Byron, Sanjuan María del Carmen, Vadillo-Ruiz Sandra, Pérez Joana, León Samuel P
Department of Basic Psychological Processes and Development, Avenida de Tolosa, 70, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastin, Spain.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 2011 Jan;37(1):58-70. doi: 10.1037/a0020519.
Two experiments with human participants are presented that differentiate renewal from other behavioral effects that can produce a response after extinction. Participants played a video game and learned to suppress their behavior when sensor stimuli predicted an attack. Contexts (A, B, & C) were provided by fictitious galaxies where the game play took place. In Experiment 1, participants who received conditioning in A, extinction in B, and testing in A showed some context specificity of conditioning during extinction and a recovery of suppression on test. Experiment 2 demonstrated recovery of extinguished responding when participants were conditioned in A, extinguished in B, and tested in C, a third, neutral context. The experiment also demonstrated that the context of extinction did not control performance by becoming inhibitory. Results are discussed in terms of mechanisms that can produce a response recovery after extinction. The experiments demonstrated a renewal effect: a response recovery that was not attributable to the contexts acting as simple conditioned stimuli and is the first work with human participants to conclusively do so.
本文介绍了两项针对人类参与者的实验，这些实验区分了恢复效应与其他可能在消退后产生反应的行为效应。参与者玩一款电子游戏，并学会在传感器刺激预示攻击时抑制自己的行为。游戏发生的虚拟星系提供了情境（A、B和C）。在实验1中，在A情境中接受条件作用、在B情境中接受消退、并在A情境中接受测试的参与者在消退过程中表现出一定的条件作用情境特异性，且在测试时抑制反应有所恢复。实验2表明，当参与者在A情境中接受条件作用、在B情境中接受消退、并在第三个中性情境C中接受测试时，消退的反应出现了恢复。该实验还表明，消退情境并非通过产生抑制作用来控制表现。我们从消退后能够产生反应恢复的机制方面对结果进行了讨论。这些实验证明了一种恢复效应：一种并非归因于情境充当简单条件刺激的反应恢复，并且这是首次针对人类参与者确凿地证明这一效应的研究。
