Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory in Bioresources Environment and Materials (LIRBEM), ENS, Cadi Ayyad University, Hay Hassani, Route Essaouira, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; Bioresource and food safety laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, 112 Boulevard Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco.
Department of Plant Protection, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Agadir, Morocco; Medfly Sterile Insect Unit, Maroc Citrus, Agadir 80000, Morocco.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;277(Pt 3):134475. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134475. Epub 2024 Aug 3.
This work valorizes rejects from Tenebrio Molitor TM breeding through the production of chitin and chitosan. Two processes are proposed for extracting chitin from larval exuviae and adult. The first process P1 provides chitin with high contents compared to literature data but the characterization shows the presence of impurities in the exuviae chitin responsible for the shifts in the values of the physicochemical characteristics towards those presented by γ chitin. These impurities are removed by delipidation and pure α chitin is obtained. The effective delipidation of this chitin would be linked to its fibrous surface structure. The analysis of the results of P1 led us to develop a second extraction process P2 which provides pure chitin with improved yields using delipidation followed by deproteinization. The N-deacetylation of chitin according to Kurita or Broussignac process makes possible the preparation of pure, highly deacetylated chitosan samples (2 % < DA < 12 %) with high yields and controlled molar masses (Mv). A kinetic study of molecular degradation during deacetylation is carried out. A comparison with Hermetia illucens allows to extend the use of insects as a potential source of chitin and chitosan and confirms the role of the source and the processes in the determination of their characteristics.
这项工作通过生产几丁质和壳聚糖来重视从黄粉虫 TM 养殖中产生的废料。提出了两种从幼虫蜕皮和成虫中提取几丁质的方法。第一套工艺 P1 提供的几丁质含量比文献数据高，但特性研究表明，蜕皮几丁质中存在杂质，这导致其物理化学特性值向 γ 几丁质的特性值发生偏移。这些杂质通过脱脂蛋白去除，得到纯α几丁质。这种几丁质的有效脱脂蛋白可能与其纤维表面结构有关。对 P1 结果的分析促使我们开发了第二种提取工艺 P2，该工艺通过脱脂蛋白和脱蛋白处理，以提高产率的方式得到纯几丁质。根据 Kurita 或 Broussignac 工艺对几丁质进行 N-去乙酰化，可以制备出高纯度、高脱乙酰度的壳聚糖样品（2%<DA<12%），产率高，且分子量可控（Mv）。对脱乙酰过程中分子降解的动力学研究进行了研究。与 Hermetia illucens 的比较允许将昆虫扩展为几丁质和壳聚糖的潜在来源，并证实了来源和工艺在确定其特性方面的作用。
