Alabsy Mahmoud T, Abbas Mahmoud I, Sharaby Mahmoud A, Elzaher Mohamed Abd, Doma A S, El-Khatib Ahmed M
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
Department of Basic and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology, P.O 1129, El Alamein, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 5;14(1):18046. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-68028-z.
Rice straw is considered an agricultural waste harmful to the environment, which is abundant in most parts of the world. From this point, the present study is devoted to preparing new composites of two types of glue based on rice straw as a plentiful, low-cost matrix. Straw glue samples were prepared by mixing 20% wt. of rice straw with 80% wt. of animal glue (RS-An) and polyvinyl acetate (RS-PVA) at different thicknesses of 1, 2, and 3 cm. The chemical composition of the prepared samples was identified by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and their morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The mechanical test explored that RS-An and RS-PVA respectively required a stress of 25.2 and 25.5 MPa before reaching the breaking point. γ-ray shielding performance was analyzed and determined at numerous photon energies from 0.059 to 1.408 MeV emitted from five-point γ-rays sources using NaI (Tl). Linear attenuation coefficient was calculated by obtaining the area under the peak of the energy spectrum observed from Genie 2000 software in the presence and absence of the sample. The experimental results of mass attenuation coefficient were compared with theoretical data of XCOM software with relative deviation ranging from 0.10 to 2.99%. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation code was also employed to validate the experimental results. The relative deviation of XCOM and Geant4 outcomes was 0.09-1.77%, which indicates a good agreement between them. Other radiation shielding parameters such as half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer, and mean free path were calculated in three ways: experimentally, theoretically from the XCOM database, and by simulation using Geant4 code. Additionally, effective atomic number (Z), effective atomic number (N), equivalent atomic number (Z), and buildup factors were evaluated. It was confirmed that the γ-ray shielding properties were further boosted by mixing rice straw with the animal glue compared to the synthetic one.
稻草被认为是一种对环境有害的农业废弃物，在世界大部分地区都很丰富。从这一点来看，本研究致力于以稻草为丰富且低成本的基体，制备两种类型胶水的新型复合材料。通过将20%重量的稻草与80%重量的动物胶（RS - An）和聚醋酸乙烯酯（RS - PVA）在1厘米、2厘米和3厘米的不同厚度下混合来制备稻草胶水样品。通过能量色散X射线分析确定所制备样品的化学成分，并使用扫描电子显微镜检查其形态。力学测试表明，RS - An和RS - PVA在达到断裂点之前分别需要25.2和25.5兆帕的应力。使用碘化钠（铊）（NaI (Tl)）在来自五点γ射线源发射的从0.059到1.408兆电子伏的多种光子能量下分析并确定γ射线屏蔽性能。通过在有样品和无样品的情况下，从Genie 2000软件观察到的能谱峰值下获取面积来计算线性衰减系数。将质量衰减系数的实验结果与XCOM软件的理论数据进行比较，相对偏差范围为0.10%至2.99%。还使用Geant4蒙特卡罗模拟代码来验证实验结果。XCOM和Geant4结果的相对偏差为0.09 - 1.77%，这表明它们之间具有良好的一致性。其他辐射屏蔽参数，如半价层（HVL）、十分之一值层和平均自由程，通过三种方式计算：实验方式、从XCOM数据库理论计算以及使用Geant4代码进行模拟。此外，还评估了有效原子序数（Z）、有效原子数（N）、等效原子序数（Z）和积累因子。结果证实，与合成胶水相比，将稻草与动物胶混合可进一步提高γ射线屏蔽性能。
