Hassan Amir Namiq, Haddad Mohammad Ali, Behjat Abbas, Golestanifar Moein
Department of Physics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 6;14(1):18158. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69170-4.
Nonlinear optics (NLO) and its applications have attracted increasing research interest in recent years owing to their contribution to the development of photonic technology. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the NLO response of pumpkin seed oil using the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) method. Significant NLO characteristics have been experimentally studied at and continuous wave (CW) laser wavelengths, yielding second-order nonlinear refractive index ( ) values of and , respectively. The findings suggest that the absorption of the material leads to higher optical nonlinearity at shorter wavelengths owing to higher thermal effects. Furthermore, we implemented a light-controlled-light system based on the spatial cross-phase modulation (SXPM) technique employing pumpkin seed oil. We successfully achieved all-optical switching by designing the 'ON' and 'OFF' modes. The results of this study can be considered for the future development of NLO applications. Moreover, our work investigates the potential of pumpkin seed oil for designing low-cost and high-efficiency NLO devices, and this contribution opens up a novel practical avenue for oil-based optical devices.
近年来，非线性光学（NLO）及其应用因其对光子技术发展的贡献而吸引了越来越多的研究兴趣。因此，在本研究中，我们使用空间自相位调制（SSPM）方法研究了南瓜籽油的非线性光学响应。在连续波（CW）激光波长为 和 时，对显著的非线性光学特性进行了实验研究，得到的二阶非线性折射率（ ）值分别为 和 。研究结果表明，由于较高的热效应，材料的吸收在较短波长下会导致更高的光学非线性。此外，我们基于采用南瓜籽油的空间交叉相位调制（SXPM）技术实现了一个光控光系统。通过设计“开”和“关”模式，我们成功实现了全光开关。本研究的结果可用于非线性光学应用的未来发展。此外，我们的工作研究了南瓜籽油用于设计低成本、高效率非线性光学器件的潜力，这一贡献为油基光学器件开辟了一条新的实用途径。
