Cerebrovascular Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, 20133, Italy.
Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Neurol Sci. 2024 Oct;45(10):4647-4655. doi: 10.1007/s10072-024-07716-0. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
Despite the growing interest in gender medicine, the influence of sex and gender on human diseases, including stroke, continues to be underestimated and understudied. The COVID-19 pandemic has overall impacted not only the occurrence and management of stroke but has also exacerbated sex and gender disparities among both patients and healthcare providers. This paper aims to provide an updated overview on the influence of sex and gender in stroke pathophysiology and care during COVID-19 pandemic, through biological, clinical, psychosocial and research perspectives. Gender equity and awareness of the importance of sexual differences are sorely needed, especially in times of health crisis but have not yet been achieved to date. To this purpose, the sudden yet worldwide diffusion of COVID-19 represents a unique learning experience that highlights critical unmet needs also in gender medicine. The failures of this recent past should be kept as food for thought to inspire proper strategies reducing inequalities and to address women's health and wellbeing issues, particularly in case of future pandemics.
尽管人们对性别医学越来越感兴趣，但性和性别对包括中风在内的人类疾病的影响仍然被低估和研究不足。COVID-19 大流行不仅总体上影响了中风的发生和管理，而且还加剧了患者和医疗保健提供者之间的性别差异。本文旨在从生物学、临床、心理社会和研究角度提供关于 COVID-19 大流行期间中风病理生理学和护理中性别影响的最新概述。在健康危机时期，性别平等和对性差异重要性的认识非常必要，但迄今为止尚未实现。为此，COVID-19 的突然而广泛传播代表了一次独特的学习经历，突出了性别医学中仍存在的关键未满足需求。最近的这些失败应该成为我们的教训，以激励我们制定适当的策略来减少不平等，并解决妇女的健康和福祉问题，特别是在未来发生大流行的情况下。
