Oba Takeyuki, Takano Keisuke, Katahira Kentaro, Kimura Kenta
Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2024 Aug 3;10(3):e001983. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-001983. eCollection 2024.
Insufficient physical activity (PA) has long been a global health issue, and a number of studies have explored correlates of PA to identify the mechanisms underlying inactive lifestyles. In the literature, dozens of correlates have been identified at different (eg, individual, environmental) levels, but there is little or no direct evidence for the mutual associations of these correlates. This study analysed 44 variables identified as theoretically and empirically relevant for PA to clarify the factors directly and indirectly associated with PA.
A cross-sectional survey dataset of 19 005 Japanese-speaking adults (mean age=53.50 years, SD=17.40; 9706 women) was analysed. The data encompassed demographic and anthropometric variables; self-reported PA levels; perceived social support and environments (eg, awareness of urban facilities for PA); psychological traits and health-behaviour characteristics (eg, personality, motivation, self-efficacy, decisional balance, process of change strategies); and technology use (eg, mobile health apps).
Network analyses were performed to select meaningful associations (partial correlations) among variables, which identified nine variables directly positively associated with PA: job/employment status, self-efficacy, perceived social support, intrinsic motivation, stage of change, counter conditioning, self-reevaluation, environment and technology use. Indirect associations (two-step neighbourhood) were identified for 40 (out of 44) variables, implying that most of the known PA-correlates are associated with PA-at least indirectly.
These identified associations echo the importance of the multilevel perspective in understanding how people maintain (in)active lifestyles. Interventions for PA could have mixed-level targets, including intraindividual characteristics, social support and physical and digital environments.
长期以来，身体活动不足一直是一个全球性的健康问题，许多研究探讨了身体活动的相关因素，以确定不活跃生活方式背后的机制。在文献中，已经在不同（如个体、环境）层面上确定了数十个相关因素，但这些相关因素之间相互关联的直接证据很少或没有。本研究分析了44个被确定为在理论和实证上与身体活动相关的变量，以阐明与身体活动直接和间接相关的因素。
分析了一个包含19005名讲日语成年人（平均年龄=53.50岁，标准差=17.40；9706名女性）的横断面调查数据集。数据包括人口统计学和人体测量学变量；自我报告的身体活动水平；感知到的社会支持和环境（如对城市身体活动设施的认知）；心理特征和健康行为特征（如个性、动机、自我效能感、决策平衡、改变策略过程）；以及技术使用（如移动健康应用程序）。
进行网络分析以选择变量之间有意义的关联（偏相关），确定了九个与身体活动直接正相关的变量：工作/就业状况、自我效能感、感知到的社会支持、内在动机、改变阶段、对抗条件作用、自我重新评价、环境和技术使用。在44个变量中有40个变量被确定存在间接关联（两步邻域），这意味着大多数已知的身体活动相关因素至少与身体活动存在间接关联。
这些确定的关联呼应了多层次视角在理解人们如何维持（不）活跃生活方式方面的重要性。身体活动干预可以有多层次的目标，包括个体内部特征、社会支持以及物理和数字环境。
