Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, India.
Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Aug 6;196(9):789. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12940-4.
Heavy metals are extremely hazardous for human health due to their toxic effects. They are non-biodegradable in nature, thus remain in the environment and enter and accumulate in the human body through biomagnification; hence, there is a serious need of their remediation. Phytoremediation has emerged as a green, sustainable, and effective solution for heavy metal removal and many plant species could be employed for this purpose. Plants are able to sequester substantial quantity of heavy metals, in some cases thousands of ppm, due to their robust physiology enabling high metal tolerance and anatomy supporting metal ion accumulation. Identification and modification of potential target genes involved in heavy metal accumulation have led to improved phytoremediation capacity of plants at the molecular level. The introduction of foreign genes through genetic engineering approaches has further enhanced phytoremediation capacity manifolds. This review gives an insight towards improving the phytoremediation efficiency through a better understanding of molecular mechanisms involved, expression of different proteins, genetic engineering approaches for transgenic production, and genetic modifications. It also comprehends novel omics tools such as genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and genome editing technologies for improvement of phytoremediation ability of plants.
重金属对人类健康极具危害性，因其毒性作用。它们在本质上不可生物降解，因此会留在环境中，并通过生物放大作用进入人体并积累；因此，非常需要对其进行修复。植物修复作为一种绿色、可持续且有效的重金属去除方法已经出现，许多植物物种可用于此目的。由于植物具有强大的生理学，能够耐受高浓度的金属，并且支持金属离子积累的解剖结构，因此能够固定大量的重金属，在某些情况下可达到数千 ppm。鉴定和修饰参与重金属积累的潜在目标基因，可在分子水平上提高植物的植物修复能力。通过遗传工程方法引入外源基因，进一步极大地提高了植物的植物修复能力。本综述通过更好地了解所涉及的分子机制、不同蛋白质的表达、用于转基因生产的遗传工程方法和遗传修饰，深入探讨了通过提高植物的植物修复效率。它还包括了基因组学、代谢组学、蛋白质组学、转录组学和基因组编辑技术等新型组学工具，以提高植物的植物修复能力。
