Ahmed Rishad, Du Yi, Haynatzki Gleb, Tucker Sarah, Ramos Athena K, Rautiainen Risto H
Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
J Agromedicine. 2024 Oct;29(4):653-664. doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2024.2387645. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
In high-risk agricultural environments, tasks, weather, and work conditions vary throughout the year. Also, injuries peak during certain periods. The primary objective of this study was to examine operator- and farm-level characteristics as risk factors for injuries within each of the four seasons. The secondary objective was to examine seasonal differences in the incident location and primary cause of these injuries.
We analyzed data from the 2018 and 2020 Farm and Ranch Health and Safety Surveys (FRHSS), conducted in seven U.S. states by the Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (CS-CASH), which were collected using a stratified random sampling approach to ensure representativeness. The survey data were merged with operation-level data from the Farm Market iD database. We employed Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) to examine the association of seasonal injuries with individual and operation-level characteristics. The chi-square test of independence was used to assess the association between injury incident location and season, as well as injury cause and season. Pairwise Z-tests of proportions were conducted to evaluate the differences in the proportions of injuries due to specific combinations of injury location and cause across each pair of seasons.
Surveys conducted in 2018 and 2020 yielded a combined response rate of 15.9%, with 5,428 responses and 7,915 unique operators. Of these, 903 operators reported at least one injury during the past 12 months. Seasonally, most injuries occurred in spring (34.2%), followed by summer (24.7%). Male operators had higher injury odds in the spring (adjusted OR = 1.42) and summer (aOR = 2.41). Those managing both a farm and a ranch reported increased injury risks in winter (aOR = 1.73) and spring (aOR = 1.48). Operators in cow-calf operations faced higher springtime injury risks (aOR = 1.45). High stress and exhaustion were consistent risk factors across all seasons. The highest proportion of injury incidents occurred in the farmyard (43.6%), and livestock were the most common cause of injury (24.9%).
Results highlight the need for season-specific prevention and intervention strategies, considering farmers' and ranchers' risk characteristics, injury locations, and causes. These findings can inform targeted measures for high-risk populations at optimal times and locations.
在高风险的农业环境中，任务、天气和工作条件全年各不相同。此外，伤害在某些时期达到峰值。本研究的主要目的是检查操作员和农场层面的特征，作为四个季节中每个季节受伤的风险因素。次要目的是检查这些伤害的事件发生地点和主要原因的季节性差异。
我们分析了由美国中部农业安全与健康中心（CS-CASH）在美国七个州进行的2018年和2020年农场和牧场健康与安全调查（FRHSS）的数据，这些数据采用分层随机抽样方法收集以确保代表性。调查数据与农场市场iD数据库中的运营层面数据合并。我们使用广义估计方程（GEE）来检查季节性伤害与个人和运营层面特征之间的关联。独立性卡方检验用于评估伤害事件发生地点与季节之间的关联，以及伤害原因与季节之间的关联。进行成对比例Z检验以评估每对季节中因伤害地点和原因的特定组合导致的伤害比例差异。
2018年和2020年进行的调查综合回复率为15.9%，有5428份回复和7915名不同的操作员。其中，903名操作员报告在过去12个月中至少有一次受伤。按季节划分，大多数伤害发生在春季（34.2%），其次是夏季（24.7%）。男性操作员在春季（调整后的OR = 1.42）和夏季（调整后的OR = 2.41）受伤几率更高。那些既管理农场又管理牧场的人在冬季（调整后的OR = 1.73）和春季（调整后的OR = 1.48）报告受伤风险增加。奶牛养殖业务的操作员面临更高的春季受伤风险（调整后的OR = 1.45）。高压力和疲惫是所有季节一致的风险因素。伤害事件的最高比例发生在农场院子里（43.6%），牲畜是最常见的伤害原因（24.9%）。
结果强调需要针对特定季节的预防和干预策略，考虑农民和牧场主的风险特征、伤害地点和原因。这些发现可为在最佳时间和地点针对高风险人群采取有针对性的措施提供依据。
